human a p 2 midterm

The radial and ulnar veins merge to form the _______ vein.

brachial

Plasma proteins in capillaries help to

 

maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta?

 

Pulmonary artery

When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt?

 

Radial artery

Blood flow to the right side of the heart muscle decreases due to constriction of the _____, and decreased blood flow to the heart tissue can result in _____.

 

right coronary artery; ischemia

The heart pumps about ____ liters of blood a day and contracts about _____ times in a lifetime.

 

7,000 liters; 2.5 billion

Cells of the conducting system in the heart are more sensitive to which ion?

Potassium

The blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during

 

ventricular systole.

The external carotid arteries branch to structures in the

 

scalp.

 

face.

 

jaw.

 

base of the skull.

 

all of the above.

all

Once cells in the SA node reach threshold,

 

an action potential is triggered.

A newborn is protected against certain digestive and respiratory infectious thanks to IgA from the mother's

milk

Inflammation is a response to

 

heat.

 

infection.

 

chemical exposure.

 

ultraviolet light.

 

all of the above.

all

The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

vein

After lymph leaves the collecting ducts, it enters _____ and becomes part of the ______.

 

veins; plasma

The order in which HIV breaches barriers and affects immunity is

crossing the mucosal barrier, entering macrophages, entering helper T cells, then cytotoxic T cells

A lymph node consists of

 

compartments that contain masses of lymphocytes and macrophages.

 

afferent vessels circulating lymph into the node on its convex surface.

 

efferent vessels circulating lymph out of the node at its hilum.

 

lymph nodules.

 

all of the above.

all

The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the

elbow

A drug based on a monoclonal antibody differs from the immune response in that

 

all of the antibodies descend from one B lymphocyte.

In HIV infection, reverse transcriptase

 

makes DNA from viral RNA.

A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is

 

not capable of reproduction outside a living cell.

Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has

 

inflammation of her veins.

Because net inward pressure in venular capillary ends is less than net outward pressure at the arteriolar ends of capillaries

 

more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.

Kidney disease can cause hypertension by

 

activating the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

 

stimulating the secretion of aldosterone

 

increasing retention of sodium and water.

 

narrowing the lumens of renal blood vessels.

 

all of the above

all

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by

 

increasing peripheral resistance.

Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include

 

emotional responses.

 

exercise

 

increase in body temperature.

 

epinephrine secretion.

 

all of the above.

all

The right atrium receives blood directly from

 

the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Which of the following supplies blood to parts of the intestinal tract?

 

Superior mesenteric artery

The structures that contain chemoreceptors that detect blood concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen are

 

aortic bodies.

Once cells in the SA node reach threshold,

 

an action potential is triggered.

The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the

 

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

A primary immune response ______, and a secondary immune response ______.

 

produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

A vaccine produces its effects by

 

stimulating a primary immune response.

A transplant recipient's body rejects a transplanted organ because her ______ does not match that of the donor closely enough.

 

major histocompatibility complex

The antibodies produced in allergic reactions

 

belong to the immunoglobulin E group.

Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing perforin, which cuts holes in

 

cell membranes.

The spleen

 

consists of two lobes in the mediastinum.

 

resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules.

 

produces T lymphocytes.

 

produces B lymphocytes

 

none of the above

 

resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules.

Marsha gets a splinter in her finger. What is her body's response to any microbe that might try to enter her body as a result of the splinter breaking the skin?

 

innate defense.

A drug based on a monoclonal antibody differs from the immune response in that

 

all of the antibodies descend from one B lymphocyte.

The functions of the lymphatic system do not include

 

transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle.

Which of the following supplies blood to parts of the intestinal tract?

 

Superior mesenteric artery

Small areas of the myocardium contracting chaotically is called

 

fibrillation.

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by

 

increasing peripheral resistance.

A sphygmomanometer measures

 

blood pressure.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

 

sinoatrial node.

Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include

 

emotional responses.

 

exercise

 

increase in body temperature.

 

epinephrine secretion.

 

all of the above.

 

all of the above.

The skeleton of the heart consists of

 

fibrous connective tissue encircling the atrioventricular orifices.

Because net inward pressure in venular capillary ends is less than net outward pressure at the arteriolar ends of capillaries

 

more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.

Pulse pressure is calculated by

 

subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure.

Cytotoxic T cells destroy

 

cancer cells and virus-containing cells.

Fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by

 

the lymphatic system

_________ initiate(s) a cascade effect in response to foreign proteins in the body.

 

The complement system

The order in which HIV breaches barriers and affects immunity is

 

crossing the mucosal barrier, entering macrophages, entering helper T cells, then cytotoxic T cells

Interleukin-1 secretion causes

 

a fever.

T lymphocytes are responsible for

 

cell-mediated immunity.

The spleen

 

is the largest lymphatic organ.

 

contains nodules similar to lymphatic nodules.

 

contains many phagocytes.

 

looks like a large lymph node.

 

all of the above

all

Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response?

 

Production of antibodies

Inflammation is a response to

 

heat.

 

infection.

 

chemical exposure.

 

ultraviolet light.

 

all of the above.

all

Heart rate in a fetus is about ____, in a newborn about _____, and in an adult about ___.

145; 140; 70

Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described?

 

P wave-depolarization of atria

Arterial systolic pressure is most closely associated with

 

ventricular contraction.

The right atrium receives blood directly from

 

the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has

 

inflammation of her veins.

The systemic circuit

 

sends oxygenated blood to the tissues

When venous pressure is too low, ____________ stimulate smooth muscles in the walls of veins to contract.

 

sympathetic reflexes

The radial and ulnar veins merge to form the _______ vein.

brachial

Impulses that the vagus nerve carries to the heart

 

are parasympathetic and decrease heart rate.

The functions of the lymphatic system do not include

 

transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle.

The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is

IgG

The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are

 

neutrophils and monocytes.

A transplant recipient's body rejects a transplanted organ because her ______ does not match that of the donor closely enough.

 

major histocompatibility complex

A primary immune response ______, and a secondary immune response ______.

 

produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

The tissues of the spleen are called

 

red and white pulp.

In the cellular immune response

 

T cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them.

The order in which HIV breaches barriers and affects immunity is

 

crossing the mucosal barrier, entering macrophages, entering helper T cells, then cytotoxic T cells

B cells divide and differentiate into _________ which produce and secrete antibodies.

  

plasma cells

Fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by

 

the lymphatic system

Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the

 

external jugular vein.

The heart pumps about ____ liters of blood a day and contracts about _____ times in a lifetime.

 

7,000 liters; 2.5 billion

The pulmonary circuit

 

sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has

inflammation of a vein, typically in the legs.

In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the

 

SA node through the AV node.

Sudden cardiac arrest can result from

 

an artery blocked with plaque.

 

scar tissue from a previous heart attack.

 

accelerated heart rate.

 

an irregular heartbeat.

 

all of the above.

all

A sphygmomanometer measures

blood pressure

The external carotid arteries branch to structures in the

 

scalp.

 

face.

 

jaw.

 

base of the skull.

 

all of the above.

all

The mechanism that ensures the volume of blood discharged from the heart is equal to the volume entering its chambers is ______ law of the heart.

 

Frank-Starling's

A vaccine can halt an infection in a population if everyone is vaccinated due to

 

herd immunity.

The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are

 

lymphocytes and macrophages.

A lymph node consists of

 

compartments that contain masses of lymphocytes and macrophages.

 

afferent vessels circulating lymph into the node on its convex surface.

 

efferent vessels circulating lymph out of the node at its hilum.

 

lymph nodules.

 

all of the above.

all

Innate defenses are

 

fast and non specific.

Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response?

 

Production of antibodies

A vaccine produces its effects by

 

stimulating a primary immune response.

The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the

 

upper limb and mammary gland.

Plasma cells

 

produce antibody molecules.

Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are

macrophages

Interferon is a group of hormonelike peptides that cells produce in response to

virus

When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt?

Radial artery

Which of the following might serve as a secondary pacemaker for the heart?

 

Both AV node and Purkinje fibers

A left ventricular assist device

 

can maintain cardiac function until a donor heart becomes available.

Sudden cardiac arrest can result from

 

an artery blocked with plaque.

 

scar tissue from a previous heart attack.

 

accelerated heart rate.

 

an irregular heartbeat.

 

all of the above.

 

all

Small areas of the myocardium contracting chaotically is called

fibrillation