1.1. Arguments, premises, and conclusions

Logic

Organised body of knowledge, or science, that evaluates arguments

Argument

A group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion)

Premises

The statements that set forth the reasons or evidence

Conclusion

The statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply

Truth value

A value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth (two values: true or false)

Statement

A sentence that is either true or false — in other words, typically a declarative sentence or a sentence component that could stand as a declarative sentence

Conclusion indicators

Indicator words that provide clues in identifying conclusion

Premise indicators

Indicator words that provide clues in identifying premises

Inference

(Narrow sense) the reasoning process expressed by an argument

(Broad sense) = argument

Proposition

(Narrow sense) meaning or information content of a statement

Syllogistic logic

A kind of logic in which the fundamental elements are terms, and arguments are evaluated as good or bad depending on how the terms are arranged in the argument

Modal logic

A kind of logic that involves such concepts as possibility, necessity, belief, and doubt.