Exam 2 Study Guide — History of the Ancient Mediterranean (Middle & Late Bronze Ages)

This flashcard set covers key concepts, locations, and figures from the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, specifically focusing on their significance in ancient Mediterranean history.

If you see a wall painting of a king receiving a rod and ring from a goddess, it represents __.

Investiture of Zimri-Lim (Mari Palace) - Symbol of divine kingship.

The __ demonstrates Hittite military strength, urban planning, and royal symbolism.

City Walls of Hattusa (Hittite Capital)

The __ was the first Hittite law regulating succession and an early attempt to prevent civil war.

Edict of Telepinus

The __ reflects Minoan religion and palace culture through ritual athletic performance.

Bull-Leaping Fresco (Minoan)

The __ is associated with the center of Minoan power and the myth of the "Labyrinth."

Palace of Knossos (Crete)

The __ is elite war gear mentioned in Homer’s Iliad, evidencing Mycenaean militarism.

Boar’s Tusk Helmet (Mycenaean)

The royal burials in __ show wealth, warfare, and status of Mycenaean elites.

Grave Circle A (Mycenae)

The __ is a key Mycenaean architectural form that served as a prototype for later Greek temples.

Megaron (Palace of Nestor at Pylos)

The __ is known as one of the first written legal codes linking justice to divine authority.

Law Code of Hammurabi

The head of __ indicates he died fighting the Hyksos, symbolizing Egyptian resistance.

Seqenenre Tao

The __ is monumental propaganda honoring Amun-Ra and legitimizing Hatshepsut’s reign.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut (Deir el-Bahari)

The __ depicts Amun impregnating Hatshepsut’s mother, providing divine justification for her rule.

Divine Birth Scene of Hatshepsut

The __ represents Egypt’s brief monotheistic experiment and was used to centralize political power.

Akhenaten and Aten Worship

The __ reveals Late Bronze Age diplomacy and international alliances through clay tablets.

Amarna Letters

The __ marks Egypt’s return to Amun worship after Akhenaten’s reforms by praising a ruler for restoring temples.

Tutankhamen’s Restoration Stele

The __ illustrates Egypt defending itself during the Bronze Age collapse against foreign invasion.

Battle with Sea Peoples (Rameses III Relief)

The __ is a royal monument celebrating victories and devotion to Amun-Ra.

Obelisk of Tuthmosis III

The __ is an example of the erasure of a ruler’s image for control of history.

Damnatio Memoriae (Hatshepsut)

The __ involves the events of a major Egypt-Hittite war; it ends with the world’s first recorded peace treaty.

Battle of Kadesh (Rameses II Relief)

The __ represents the Late Bronze Age collapse and migrations reshaping the Mediterranean.

Sea Peoples Invasion (Rameses III Relief)

Akhenaten was the pharaoh who introduced the worship of __ as the sole god during Egypt’s New Kingdom.

Aten

__ was the pharaoh of Egypt during a prosperous period and predecessor of Akhenaten.

Amenhotep III

Amun was the chief god of Thebes, later known as __.

Amun-Ra

The __ are clay diplomatic tablets showing interconnected diplomacy of the Late Bronze Age.

Amarna Letters

The __ is the sun disk deity promoted by Akhenaten, symbolizing Egypt’s short-lived monotheism.

Aten

The Battle of __ signifies Rameses II's engagement with the Hittites and the first known peace treaty.

Kadesh

The __ connects Bronze Age warfare with the Homeric epic tradition.

Boar’s Tusk Helmet

__ is a Minoan acrobatic ritual that reflects palace culture.

Bull-Leaping

__ refers to the erasure of rulers’ names and images, indicating political control through destruction of memory.

Damnatio Memoriae

The __ is a Hittite succession law that represents an early constitutional effort to stabilize rule.

Edict of Telepinus

__ is a royal Mycenaean cemetery evidencing elite wealth and warfare.

Grave Circle A

__ was a female Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who legitimized her rule with divine birth imagery.

Hatshepsut

The __ was an Anatolian empire known for its ironwork innovation and diplomacy with Egypt.

Hittites

The __ were Asiatic rulers of Lower Egypt, credited with introducing chariots.

Hyksos

The __ is a Babylonian legal text linking justice to divine order.

Law Code of Hammurabi

__ was a legendary king of Crete, inspiring Greek myths about the Labyrinth.

Minos

The __ serves as architectural propaganda of divine rule for Hatshepsut.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

__ was a Greek Bronze Age fortress and hub of Aegean militarism and wealth.

Mycenae

__ was a long-reigning Pharaoh, noted as a builder-king who fought at Kadesh.

Rameses II

The __ refers to the seaborne invaders who were catalysts for the Bronze Age collapse.

Sea Peoples

__ was a boy-king following Akhenaten, who restored the Amun cult and provides significant insights into New Kingdom life.

Tutankhamen