secret life of plants keywords y7

Bryophytes

One of the four plant phyla that contain mosses, liverworts, and hornworts; they have long and thin leaves with no stem and reproduce with spores.

Ferns

One of the four plant phyla that have plants with many leaves joined to make a large leaf; they have stems, roots, and reproduce with spores.

Gymnosperms

One of the four plant phyla that contain conifers with needle-shaped leaves, woody stems, and reproduce with seeds and pollination.

Angiosperms

One of the four plant phyla containing flowering plants that produce flowers that reproduce with seeds and pollination.

Petals

Large and usually brightly colored parts of a flower that attract insects because they contain nectar.

Sepals

Parts located just outside the petals that protect the flower bud before it blooms and support the petals after blooming.

Stigma

The top part of the carpel where pollen grains stick during pollination.

Style

The tube that supports the stigma and links it to the ovary.

Ovary

The reproductive organ at the bottom of the carpel that produces and holds ovules (eggs).

Ovules

Egg cells contained within the ovary that develop into seeds after fertilization.

Anther

The part of the stamen that produces pollen for pollination.

Filament

The part of the stamen that supports the anther.

Stamen

The male parts of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament.

Carpel

The collective name for the female parts of a flower, including the stigma, style, ovary, and ovules.

Pollen

Microscopic grains produced by the anthers that contain sperm cells for reproduction.

Hermaphrodites; hermaphroditic

Flowers that have both male and female parts, allowing for self-pollination.

Cross-pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant.

Self-pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther of the same plant to the stigma of the same plant or from the same plant’s flower anther to a different flower’s stigma on the same plant.

Photosynthesis

A chemical reaction that occurs inside the chloroplast of a plant cell, using light energy and chlorophyll to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Heterotrophic

Organisms that cannot produce their own food.

Autotrophic

Organisms that can produce their own food.

Chloroplasts

An organelle inside the plant cell that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll; this is where photosynthesis occurs as it can absorb light energy.

Chlorophyll

The green pigment inside chloroplasts that can absorb light energy to photosynthesize.

What does MRS GREN stand for?

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

How does Movement in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants grow toward light and water.

How does Respiration in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants release energy from glucose.

How does Sensitivity in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants respond to environmental stimuli.

How does Growth in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants grow at their tips throughout their lives.

How does Reproduction in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants reproduce sexually or asexually.

How does Excretion in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants release oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

How does Nutrition in MRS GREN relate to plants?

Plants make glucose through photosynthesis.

What structures are needed for pollination?

Anthers (produce pollen) and stigmas (receive pollen).

How does animal pollination work?

Pollinators like bees transfer pollen from flower to flower.

How does wind pollination differ?

Pollen is carried by the wind, often resulting in lightweight grains.

What are the four major plant phyla?

Bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.

What is the difference between self and cross-pollination?

Self-pollination occurs within the same plant; cross-pollination occurs between different plants.

What is seed dispersal?

The process by which seeds are spread away from the parent plant.

Why is seed dispersal important?

It reduces competition and promotes genetic variation.

How do animals contribute to seed dispersal?

Animals eat seeds and excrete them in different locations.

How does wind dispersal occur?

Lightweight seeds are carried by the wind, such as dandelions.

What is water dispersal?

Seeds float on water and are carried to new areas, like coconut seeds.

What is explosive seed dispersal?

Seeds are ejected from pods when they dry, like in the squirting cucumber.

What are the requirements for photosynthesis?

Light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water.

What role does light play in photosynthesis?

It provides the energy required for the process.

What does chlorophyll do?

It absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy.

How does carbon dioxide contribute?

It serves as a carbon source for glucose production.

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

It provides the necessary elements for glucose formation.

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide + water → Glucose + oxygen.

What is the purpose of Benedict's test?

To test for the presence of glucose.

Describe the procedure for Benedict's test.

Grind the plant. Add water and Benedict's solution. Heat in a water bath. Observe color change.

What colors indicate glucose levels in the Benedict's test?

Blue (none), green (trace), yellow (low), orange (moderate), red (high).

What is the purpose of the iodine test?

To test for the presence of starch.

Describe the procedure for the iodine test.

Grind the plant. Place on a spotting tile. Add a drop of iodine. Observe color change (blue/black indicates starch).

What colors indicate starch presence in the iodine test?

Brown/yellow (absent), blue/black (present)