Texas History - Spring Semester Exam Review Packet

Flashcards for Texas History Review

What was the Holocaust?

The Holocaust was when Hitler had millions of Jews imprisoned and killed during World War II.

What makes up the United States Bill of Rights?

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

What is a function of the county level of government?

County governments run elections, provide public safety, and operate jails. They maintain roads and bridges, record property deeds, collect taxes, and issue marriage licenses.

What is the right to petition?

Citizens have the right to petition the government for or against laws.

What is freedom of speech?

Citizens have the right to say what they think.

What is freedom of religion?

The government can't make one religion or stop people from practicing a religion.

What is the right to bear arms?

Citizens have the right to own weapons to protect themselves.

What is the right to trial by jury?

Citizens have the right to a speedy trial by a jury.

What is the right to run for political office?

Citizens have the right to serve in public office.

What is the right to vote?

Citizens have the right to vote for politicians of their choice.

What is freedom of the press?

The government cannot prevent news sources from reporting.

Name some responsibilities of Texas citizens.

Serve on a Jury, Pay Taxes, Know and Obey the Law, and Vote.

What is popular sovereignty?

The government's right to rule comes from the people.

What is limited government?

The government only has the power the constitution gives to it.

What is separation of powers?

The constitution divides the government into three branches.

What are checks and balances?

Each branch of government has the power to limit the actions of the other two branches.

What is federalism?

A way of governing where powers are shared between the federal and state governments.

What is republicanism?

People get to vote for representatives.

What are individual rights?

Rights that guarantee personal freedoms

What was the Farmer's Alliance?

An organization that petitioned the state government to pass reform laws.

What was the Populist Party?

A political party formed to pass legislation to help farmers.

What significant event happened in 1901?

Oil was discovered at a well at Spindletop beginning a major oil boom in Texas.

How did the oil boom help the lumber industry?

Lumber was needed to build oil derricks.

What did Galveston do to protect themselves after the Galveston Hurricane of 1900?

Built a six-mile long sea wall.

What was the 19th amendment?

The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote.

During the 1920s, what happened to the price of cotton as production increased?

As production increased, the price of cotton fell.

What document caused the United States to join World War I?

The Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted between Germany to Mexico during World War I and asked Mexico to attack the United States. In return Germany would help Mexico reconquer lost territory in the U.S.

What piece of technology was first used significantly during WWI?

Airplanes

How did the urbanization of Texas in the 1920s affect people's way of life?

Urbanization of Texas caused more people to live in the cities than in rural areas.

How did the Dust Bowl impact Texas?

Farmers abandoned their land or lost their farms due to the drought. One third of the panhandle population left.

Who was Oveta Culp Hobby?

Oveta Culp Hobby was the founder and commander of the Women's Air Corps.

Who was Audie Murphy?

Audie Murphy was the most highly decorated American in World War II. In 1945 he single-handedly held off Germans for 30 minutes so that the rest of his unit could escape.

Describe POW camps and Japanese internment camps in the United States.

People were removed from their homes and sent to these camps. Officials tried to make camp life as normal as possible, however those living in camps had limited freedom and were constantly under guard.

How were German Texans discriminated against during World War I and II?

Prisoners of war were sent to camps in Texas during the war. German Texans also faced discrimination.

What were some of Sam Houston's many roles in Texas History?

Commander of the Texas military, President of the Republic of Texas, U.S. Senator, and Governor

What is Manifest Destiny?

Manifest Destiny is the belief that the U.S. had the right to settle North America from coast to coast. Texans wanted to seize lands belonging to Mexico in order to extend the United States to the Pacific Ocean.

Why did the United States reject the 1844 annexation treaty?

The Senate rejected the treaty because Texas allowed slavery.

What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The border between Texas and Mexico was the Rio Grande. Texas was part of the United States. Mexico gave up the land of the Mexican Cession. The United States gave Mexico $10 million. Mexicans living in the Mexican Cession could choose to become U.S. citizens.

Why was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo so important to the United States?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was so important to the United States because it fulfilled America's dream of Manifest Destiny.

How did Texas benefit from joining the U.S. by joint resolution?

It was more favorable to Texas because they would enter the U.S. as a state and they would get to keep their public land.

What reason did President Polk give for the war with Mexico?

President Polk sent troops into the disputed territory between the rivers. Mexican troops also entered disputed territory and attacked the American soldiers. Polk viewed this as an invasion of U.S. territory. He said that American blood had been shed on American soil.

What immigrant group made up the largest number of Texas residents after Mexican Texans?

Germans

What political party was formed to prevent the spread of slavery?

The Republican Party

What region of the United States seceded from the Union?

The Southern Slave States

Name the four important battles fought in Texas during the Civil War.

Galveston, Battle of Sabine Pass, Battle of Palmito Ranch, Battle of Brownsville

What was the last battle of the Civil War?

Battle of Palmito Ranch

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, stating that all slaves residing in rebellious states were freed.

How did reconstruction change the power of the Texas governor?

Reconstruction gave the governor more power in the government.

Why was the Ku Klux Klan formed?

The Ku Klux Klan was formed to stop freed slaves from exercising their rights.

Describe the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution freed all slaves in the United States. 14th amendment protected the rights of formerly enslaved people. 15th amendment guaranteed African American men the right to vote.

Who were buffalo soldiers?

Buffalo Soldiers were African American troops stationed in West Texas in the late 1800s.

Why did Texas settlers become easy targets for Native Americans during the Civil War?

Settlers were easy targets for Native Americans during the Civil War because all the soldiers left Texas to fight in the war and there was no one left to protect the frontier.

Who was Quanah Parker?

Quanah Parker was a Comanche chief that was considered the most influential Comanche leader of all time.

What invention led to the end of the open range?

Barbed wire and windmills

Why did owners brand their cattle?

Owners branded their cattle because unbranded cattle could be claimed by anyone.

What cattle trail operated from 1867-1884?

Chisholm Trail

What geographic features of Texas helped the cattle industry become so successful?

The cattle industry in Texas became so successful because of the warm, dry climate, open prairies with room to roam, and a good supply of grasses.

How was the development of railroads beneficial to Texans?

Railroads increased at a rapid rate and more towns grew up in west Texas. The cities of Dallas, Fort Worth and El Paso grew as a result.

After the Civil War in Texas, how did high demand for cotton affect the farming industry?

It caused overproduction of cotton and low prices.

Who was James Hogg?

He served as the attorney general of Texas and was governor. He wrote the state's first antitrust law and established the Texas Railroad Commission.

Why was the Railroad Commission established?

The Railroad Commission was established by James Hogg to oversee and regulate the railroads.

What was the Grange?

The Grange was an organization that was meant to help farmers that were struggling.

What was the Farmers' Alliance?

An organization that was meant to help farmers that were struggling.