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contextualize
to provide background knowledge so that the stuff going on in the present makes sense because you know the details of the past that led to what is going on right now
contributions of the classical greeks
political science
history as a subject and a guide to enlightened citizenship
classical values
math/science
classical greek thinkers
plato, socrates, aristotle
greek classical values
reason/inquiry/impartial observation of the natural world
humans are dignified and under control
written language, carefully planned society/government/laws
examples of classical values
order
inquiry
symmetry
clarity
control
roman empire
valued organization(administration)
valued government( free male participation in government life
valued the law- innocent until proven guilty
“the church”
means the catholic church
after the fall of rome
europe is a fragmented 3rd world continent where there is no central government and no central defense
farming techniques
2 field system- some land was planted/some land left fallow- food was scarce- famine and starvation were common
inheritance of the crown
kings believed they had a diving right and that right was hereditary
magna carta
limited the power of the king of england
the black plague
killed between 30-60% of Europe’s population
decreased competition for resources/increased standard of living
peasant revolts
led to decline of power in the papacy
where does the term quarantine come from
Italian port cities began isolating ships and travelers suspected of carrying plague for periods of 40 days
why were people buried without last rights
people didn’t understand the church scripture
babylonian captivity
7 different popes in Avignon, France
great schism
2 popes
the inquisition
sanctioned by the pope in the 12th century and lasted until the 19th century
hersey
preaching ideas that conflicted with church teachings
medieval art
anonymous
2 dimensional
dark colors
religious in nature
scholasticism
church controlled
what idea did scholasticism try and spread
this world was painful/suffering
reject this world. man was bad an sinful
rejeact wealth and prestige
goal was heaven
limited literacy and technology
high renaissaince
1500
italian renaissance
1350
northern renaissance
1430
counter reformation
catholic censored artists and writers in response to the protestant reformation; stiffens creativity
roman inquisition
any threat to the catholic church should be punishable by death
why is italy the birthplace of renaissance ideas
italy is located near the mediterranean- closer to the ports and large trading
home to rome- where most thinkers originated
northern europe was too busy killing one another and dying from plague
florence
became wealthy through trade(wool)
city states were urban areas
middle class established
Giorgio Vasari
first person to use the term renaissance
old testimate
hebrew
new testament
greek
scularism
not religious in nature
individualism
rediscovering the individual
humanism
renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements/accomplishments
rich and powerful in florence
church, merchants, and bankers
patronage
the act of commissioning artists to work and financially supporting their art
civic humanists
writers
problems of italy
ripe for invasion
divided and wealthy
ripe for invasion
why is the renaissance important
transition into the modern world
emphasis on the individual
opposition to the renaissance
many claimed it was justa bridge between the medieval period and the modern world
philology
the branch of knowledge that deals with structure, historical development, and relationships of a language
petrarch
“father of humanism”
wrote in vernacular so women could read
promoted a revival of classical literature
lorenzo valla
a priest who wrote the “false donation of Constantine”
humanist
false donation of constantine
states dates in history were inaccurate
marsilio ficino
formed a platonic academy
patronage of the Medici family
translated plato into latin
humanist
pico della mirandola
wrote the 900 secs
the preface was an “oration on the dignity of man”
believed humanity is a miracle
syncretism
humanist
syncretism
combining humanism/classicism/region/
virtu
the ability to shape the world around it to ones will
renaissance man
a man who was good at everything
lean battista albrti
“The painter”
priest
wrote about ideas concerning perfection
humanist
leonardo bruni
first to divide history into 3 parts(ancient, medieval, and modern)
humanist
castiglione
“a gentle ma’s handbook”
how to become an advisor for the king, and how to move up in society
machiavelli
wrote, “the prince”
1st secular analysis of politics
christian humanists
advocated for social reform and improving church condition
thomas moore
English humanist
wrote, “utopia”
no dissent!
erasmus
dutch humanist
advocated for religious reform
believed all should read the bible
wrote praise of folly
praise of folly
social criticism as a loyal catholic of the catholic church
criticized meaningless church ceremony
philosophy of christ
christianity is an inner attitude of the heart and spirit
johann gutenberg
invented the printing press
vernacular
the language of everyday common people
contrapposto
balance
linear perspective
illusion of depth
donatello( creations)
saint mark(sculpture)
saint george(sculpture)
de vinci(creations)
mona lisa
raphael(creations)
school of athens( painting himself within)
michelangelo(creations)
pieta
statue of david
sistine chapel
last judgment
classical architecture
columns, domes, arches, and proportions
debate about women
women were devious, domineering, and demanding
monarchy
rude by one king or queen
how did monarchs consolidate power
1) reduced violence
2) crubing unruly nobles
3) establishing domestic order
4) create a state of national unity
5) maintain a standard army loyal to a monarch
6) establish religious control over their subjects and assert authority over the clergy
Charles VII
creates the first standing army
concordat of Bologna
the french crown is now able to control the policies of church officials in the kingdom of france
Louis XI
spider king
the star chamber
a royal system of courts outside parliments control