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1

contextualize

to provide background knowledge so that the stuff going on in the present makes sense because you know the details of the past that led to what is going on right now

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2

contributions of the classical greeks

  • political science

  • history as a subject and a guide to enlightened citizenship

  • classical values

  • math/science

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3

classical greek thinkers

plato, socrates, aristotle

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4

greek classical values

  • reason/inquiry/impartial observation of the natural world

  • humans are dignified and under control

  • written language, carefully planned society/government/laws

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5

examples of classical values

  • order

  • inquiry

  • symmetry

  • clarity

  • control

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6

roman empire

  • valued organization(administration)

  • valued government( free male participation in government life

  • valued the law- innocent until proven guilty

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7

“the church”

means the catholic church

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8

after the fall of rome

europe is a fragmented 3rd world continent where there is no central government and no central defense

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9

farming techniques

2 field system- some land was planted/some land left fallow- food was scarce- famine and starvation were common

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10

inheritance of the crown

kings believed they had a diving right and that right was hereditary

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11

magna carta

limited the power of the king of england

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12

the black plague

  • killed between 30-60% of Europe’s population

  • decreased competition for resources/increased standard of living

  • peasant revolts

  • led to decline of power in the papacy

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13

where does the term quarantine come from

Italian port cities began isolating ships and travelers suspected of carrying plague for periods of 40 days

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14

why were people buried without last rights

people didn’t understand the church scripture

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15

babylonian captivity

7 different popes in Avignon, France

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16

great schism

2 popes

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17

the inquisition

sanctioned by the pope in the 12th century and lasted until the 19th century

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18

hersey

preaching ideas that conflicted with church teachings

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19

medieval art

  • anonymous

  • 2 dimensional

  • dark colors

  • religious in nature

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20

scholasticism

church controlled

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21

what idea did scholasticism try and spread

  • this world was painful/suffering

  • reject this world. man was bad an sinful

  • rejeact wealth and prestige

  • goal was heaven

  • limited literacy and technology

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22

high renaissaince

1500

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23

italian renaissance

1350

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24

northern renaissance

1430

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25

counter reformation

catholic censored artists and writers in response to the protestant reformation; stiffens creativity

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26

roman inquisition

any threat to the catholic church should be punishable by death

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27

why is italy the birthplace of renaissance ideas

  • italy is located near the mediterranean- closer to the ports and large trading

  • home to rome- where most thinkers originated

  • northern europe was too busy killing one another and dying from plague

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28

florence

  • became wealthy through trade(wool)

  • city states were urban areas

  • middle class established

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29

Giorgio Vasari

first person to use the term renaissance

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30

old testimate

hebrew

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31

new testament

greek

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32

scularism

not religious in nature

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33

individualism

rediscovering the individual

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34

humanism

renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements/accomplishments

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35

rich and powerful in florence

church, merchants, and bankers

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36

patronage

the act of commissioning artists to work and financially supporting their art

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37

civic humanists

writers

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38

problems of italy

  • ripe for invasion

  • divided and wealthy

  • ripe for invasion

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39

why is the renaissance important

  • transition into the modern world

  • emphasis on the individual

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40

opposition to the renaissance

many claimed it was justa bridge between the medieval period and the modern world

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41

philology

the branch of knowledge that deals with structure, historical development, and relationships of a language

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42

petrarch

  • “father of humanism”

  • wrote in vernacular so women could read

  • promoted a revival of classical literature

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43

lorenzo valla

  • a priest who wrote the “false donation of Constantine”

  • humanist

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44

false donation of constantine

states dates in history were inaccurate

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45

marsilio ficino

  • formed a platonic academy

  • patronage of the Medici family

  • translated plato into latin

  • humanist

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46

pico della mirandola

  • wrote the 900 secs

  • the preface was an “oration on the dignity of man”

  • believed humanity is a miracle

  • syncretism

  • humanist

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47

syncretism

combining humanism/classicism/region/

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48

virtu

the ability to shape the world around it to ones will

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49

renaissance man

a man who was good at everything

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50

lean battista albrti

  • “The painter”

  • priest

  • wrote about ideas concerning perfection

  • humanist

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51

leonardo bruni

  • first to divide history into 3 parts(ancient, medieval, and modern)

  • humanist

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52

castiglione

  • “a gentle ma’s handbook”

  • how to become an advisor for the king, and how to move up in society

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53

machiavelli

  • wrote, “the prince”

  • 1st secular analysis of politics

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54

christian humanists

advocated for social reform and improving church condition

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55

thomas moore

  • English humanist

  • wrote, “utopia”

  • no dissent!

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56

erasmus

  • dutch humanist

  • advocated for religious reform

  • believed all should read the bible

  • wrote praise of folly

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57

praise of folly

  • social criticism as a loyal catholic of the catholic church

  • criticized meaningless church ceremony

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58

philosophy of christ

christianity is an inner attitude of the heart and spirit

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59

johann gutenberg

invented the printing press

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60

vernacular

the language of everyday common people

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61

contrapposto

balance

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62

linear perspective

illusion of depth

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63

donatello( creations)

  • saint mark(sculpture)

  • saint george(sculpture)

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64

de vinci(creations)

  • mona lisa

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65

raphael(creations)

school of athens( painting himself within)

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66

michelangelo(creations)

  • pieta

  • statue of david

  • sistine chapel

  • last judgment

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67

classical architecture

columns, domes, arches, and proportions

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68

debate about women

women were devious, domineering, and demanding

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69

monarchy

rude by one king or queen

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70

how did monarchs consolidate power

1) reduced violence

2) crubing unruly nobles

3) establishing domestic order

4) create a state of national unity

5) maintain a standard army loyal to a monarch

6) establish religious control over their subjects and assert authority over the clergy

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71

Charles VII

creates the first standing army

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72

concordat of Bologna

the french crown is now able to control the policies of church officials in the kingdom of france

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73

Louis XI

spider king

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74

the star chamber

a royal system of courts outside parliments control

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