MAKINGS OF WORLD WAR 2!

Alexander III

Devoted to the idea of Autocracy (one ruler has "total power") and used harsh measures to keep revolutions from occurring

Nicholas II

the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

Proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Karl Marx

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism.

Mensheviks

The party which opposed to the Bolsheviks. Started in 1903 by Martov, after dispute with Lenin. The Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924).

Bloody Sunday

1905; peaceful march by russians turned deadly when Czar's guards fire on crowd, killing hundreds

WWI for Russia

The final blow, they had weak generals and were poorly equipped. Tsar Nicholas II was a weak leader. In 1 year, 4 million Russians were dead

Rasputin

Self-proclaimed holy man who claimed to heal the sick and have prophecy. He had much influence over Tsarina Alexandra and she often went to him for advise on political issues.

March Revolution

As a result of this revolution, the Romanov dynasty was removed from power after 300 years of autocratic rule, and replaced with the provisional government led by Alexander Kerenski

Provisional Government

Temporary government led by Alexander Kerensky

Bolshevik Revolution

The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life.

Russian Civil War

1918-1920: conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. Red vs. White Army.

NEP

New Economic policy in Soviet Russia to prevent Russia's economy from collapsing

Communist Party

A political party practicing the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Totalitarian Government

a system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

Indoctrination

Teaching someone to accept an idea or principle without question

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Great Purge

(1934), Stalin cracked down on Old Bolsheviks, his net soon widened to target army heroes, industrial managers, writers and citizens, they were charged with a wide range of crimes, from plots to failure to not meeting production quotas.

Command Economy

An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

Five-Year Plans

Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state.

Collective Farms

Government owned farms, workers were paid by government and they shared profits from products.

Kuomintang

Nationalist Party in China led by Jiang Jieshi, which began a war against the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong. Both fought for control of China, with Mao and the Communists ultimately winning in 1949.

Sun Yixian

Chinese nationalist leader who fought to end foreign domination. He formed the Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, which overthrew the Manchu Dynasty and established a republican form of government in its place. Also known as Sun Yat-sen.

May 4th Movement

A protest against British Imperialism in China led by students

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Jiang Jieshi

Leader of the Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party in China. Fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during World War II. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek.

Long March

A 6,000-mile journey made in 1934-1935 by Chinese Communists fleeing from Jiang Jieshi's Nationalist forces

China's Civil War

Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jeshi) nationalist party favored by the west and Mao Zedong communist party were engaged in a civil war. But once japan invaded, they joined forces. Immediately after the Japanese were defeated, they continued fighting. In 1949 the peoples republic of china established by Mao became the second communist country. Nationalists fled to Taiwan.

Weaknesses of Democratic Governments in Europe

The Great Depression,

Coalition Government

A government controlled by a temporary alliance of several political parties

Weimar Republic

German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.

Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Fascism

A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.

Benito Mussolini

Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance.

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

Nazism

Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Gestapo

German secret police

Brown Shirts

Hitler's private army of supporters, also known as the SA (Sturm Abteilung).

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Francisco Franco

Fascist general whose rebel forces defeated the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, he ruled as dictator of Spain until his death in 1975

Non-Aggression Pact

1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland

Munich Conference

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.

Rhineland

A region in Germany designated a demilitarized zone by the Treaty of Versailles; Hitler violated the treaty and sent German troops there in 1936

Sudetenland

an area in western Czechoslovakia that was coveted by Hitler

Third Reich

The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945