Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg

Freud Psychosocial or Psychosexual

Freud is all about the sex!! Psychosexual

Freud: Birth--> 2 years

Oral Stage:

The mouth, tongue and gums are the focus and pleasurable sensations in the baby's body and feeding is the most stimulating activity

Freud: 1.5-3yrs Toddler

Anal Stage:

The anus is the focus on pleasurable sensations in the baby's body, and toilet training is the most important activity

Freud: 3-6 years Preschool

Phallic Stage:

The phallus, or penis is the most important body part and pleasure is derived from genital stimulation. Bots are proud of their penis, and girls wonder why they don't have one.

Freud: 7-11 years old: Middle Childhood

Latency:

Not a stage but an interlude, when sexual needs are quiet and children put psychic energy into conventional activities like schoolworx and sports.

Freud 12-18 years: Adolescence

Genital Stage:

The genitals are the focus on pleasurable sensations and the young person seeks sexual stimulation and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual relationships.

Freud: 18-40 Years Adulthood

Freud believed that the genital stage lasts throughout adulthood. He also said that the foal of a healthy life is "to love and to work well"

Erikson is known for Psychosexual of Psychosocial?

Psychosocial

Erikson Birth to 2 Years: Infancy

Trust vs Mistrust

babies learn either to trust others that others will care for their basic needs, including nourishment, warmth, cleanliness, and physical contact or to lack confidence int he care of others

Erikson: 1.5-3yrs Toddler

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Children learn either to be self sufficient in many activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, exploring and talking or they doubt their own abilities.

Erikson: 3-6 years

Early Childhood Preschool

Initiative Vs Guilt

Children want to undertake many adult like activities, sometimes overstepping he limits set by parents and feeling guilty.

Erikson: 7-11 years old:

Middle Childhood

Industry vs Inferiority

Children busily learn to be competent and productive in mastering new skills or feel inferior an unable to do anything well

Erikson: 12-18 Adolescence

Identity vs Role Confusion

Adolescents try to figure out who am I? They establish sexual, political and career identities or are confused about what roles to play.

Erikson: 18-40 Adulthood

Intimacy vs Isolation

Young adults seek companionship and love with another person or become isolated from others by fearing reflection of disappointment.

Erikson: 40-65 years old

Generativity vs stagnation

Middle aged adults contribute to the next generation by performing meaningful work, creative activities and or raising a family or become stagnant and inactive.

Erikson: 65 +

Integrity vs Despair

Older adults try to make sense out of their lives, whether seeing life as a meaningful whole or despairing at goals never reached and questions never answered.

Piaget: Cognitive of Moral?

Cognitive

Piaget: Birth to 2 years

Sensorimotor Period

Most action is reflexive. Perception of events is centered on the body. Objects are extensions of self. Acknowledges the external environment.

Piaget 1.5 to 3 years Toddler

Preconceptual

Self centered. Asks many questions. Explores the environment. Language development rapid. Associated words with objects

Piaget: 3-6 years Early Childhood: Preschool

Preoperational

Egocentric thinking diminishes. Includes others in environment. Enjoys repeating words, may count to 10. Words express their thoughts.

Piaget: 7-11 Years. Middle Childhood

Concrete operational

Solves concrete problems. Begins to understand relationships such as size. Understands right and left. Congnizant of viewpoints.

Piaget: Adolescence 12-18 years

Formal Operations

Uses rational thinking. Reasoning is deductive and futuristic.

Kohlberg Cognitive or Moral?

Moral

Kohlberg: Birth to 2 years

No Moral Development

Kohlberg 1.5 to 3 years

No Moral Development

Kohlberg: 3-6 years Early Childhood Preschool

Preconventional

Morality is a matter of good or bad, based on a system of punishments.

1) Punishment and obedience orientation

2) Instrumental relativist orientation

Kohlberg: 7-11 years old Middle Childhood

Conventional Level

Morality seen as following the rules of society. Tried to be food

1) "Good Boy" pr "Good Girl"

2) Law and order orientation

Kohlberg: 12-18 Years Adolescence

Postconventional level

Morality consists of standards beyond specific group or authority figure.

1.) The social contract orientation

2.)The universal ethical principle orientation

3.) Mystical and religious reflection