Final Practical Digestive/Respiratory/Urinary System Models

1. nasopharynx

2. oropharynx

3. laryngopharynx

4. esophagus

5. glottis

6. cardia

7. stomach

8. pylorus (sphincter)

9. duodenum

#1-9

10. cardiac region

11. fundus

12. body region

13. pyloric region

14. lesser curvature

15. greater curvature

16. spleen

17. pancreas

18. appendix

19. ceecum

20. ilium

#10-20

21. ilioceecal valve

22. ascending colon

23. descending colon

24. rectum

25. pelvic floor

26. jejunum

27. gallbladder

28. cystic duct

29. liver

30. bile duct

31. ilium

extra info:

- bile duct joins posteriorly to the stomach

- sigmoid is more posterior & it joins to da rectum

- transverse colon is removed frm this model

#21-31

1. bile duct

2. cystic duct

3. duodenum

1. pancreatic ducts

2. duodenum

3. bile ducts

4. systic ducts

5. gallbladder

6. spleen

2. IVC

3. gallbladder

4. cystic duct

5. common bile duct

6. hepatic duct

extra info:

- #4 brings bile OUT of duodenum

- #5 brings bile INTO duodenum

- #2 passes thru diaphragm + liver

- #5 goes to duodenum

- #6 brings bile from liver --> bile duct --> small intestine

1. spleen

2. pancreas

3. small intestine

4. spleen

5. IVC

6. hepatic ducts

7. Hepatic Portal System

#1-7

8. bile duct

9. cystic duct

10. gallbladder

11. duodenum

12. pancreatic duct

extra info:

- #11 drains w pancreatic duct + bile duct

#8-12

1. parotid gland/duct (type of salivary gland)

*parotid gland goes into oral cavity

*on this model esophagus runs behind the trachea & the heart

* cannot see oral

1. IVC

1. esophagus

2. trachea

3. diaphragm

4. liver

5. central tendon of diaphragm

extra info:

- esophagus connects 2 stomach

1. gallbladder

1. lesser curvature

2. greater curvature

3. cardiac region

4. body region

5. pyloric region (w da pyloric valve)

1. pyloric valve

2. cardiac valve (betw esophagus & stomach)

3.

**ruggae - the surface of the interior stomach - allows stomach to expand

(bladder & vagina has reggae too)

1. longitudinal

2. circular

3. oblique

3 layers of muscle on the stomach:

1. opening into duodenum

2. pancreas

3. spleen

4. cecum

5. ascending colon

6. transverse colon

7. descending colon

*splenic artery & vein in under the spleenn

**pancreatic duct comes in & enters duodenum Large intestine:

- Transverse colon

- Descending colon

- Ascending colon

- Sigmoid colon

- Rectum

- Appendix + ceecum Small Intestine - Duodenum

- Jejunum

- Ileum

1. ilioceecum valve - cntrls movement from small ---> large intestine

*illium -- to cecum (1st part of large intestine)

1. sigmoid colon (inserts into rectum)

1. greater omentum

extra info:

- lesser omentum is on the lesser curvature (not present on the model)

1. sigmoid colon

2. cecum

3. appendix

4. descending colon (curves & becomes #1)

1. lung septums

2. thymus

extra info:

- thyroid gland goes across trachea

- #1 - part of immune system

1. pulmonary arteries

2. trachea

3. left primary bronchiole

4. right primary bronchiole

5. left secondary bronchiole

6. tertiary bronchioles

7. diaphragm

8. central tendon

extra info:

- 3 2ndary bronchioles on right side

- 2 2ndary bronchioles on left side

1. pleural membrane

2. intercostal veins + arteries (behind da lung)

1. left pulmonary artery

2. right pulmonary artery

3. SVC

4. aorta

5. pulmonary veins

6. trachea

7. primary bronchiole

8. secondary bronchiole

9. tertiary bronchiole

10. lobules

1. nasal cavity

2. nasopharynx

3. oral cavity

4. oropharynx

5. adenoids

6. palatine tonsil

7. laryngopharynx

8. esophagus

9. glottis

10. epiglottis

11. vestibular + vocal folds

extra info:

vestibular fold is superior -- vocal fold

vocal folds --> tone

blue = cartilage

1. hyoid bones

2. thyroid cartilage

1. thyroid cartilage

2. hyoid bone

3. epiglottis

4. glottis

5. vestibule

6. vocal fold

7. vestibular fold

extra info:

- vocal folds = connective tissue

1. thyroid cartilage

2. glottis

3. epiglottis

extra info:

- #3 (folds n closes during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food)

- #1 & 3 thickens in men during puberty

1. nasal cavity

2. nasopharynx

3. laryngopharynx

4. larynx

5. thyroid gland

6.

extra info:

- the cartilage on #4 for males has a dimorphic structure which allows it to grow aka: Adam's Apple

- #5 covers anterior trachea

1. aortic arch, pulmonary trunk

2. esophagus

trachea is behind the ....

trachea is anterior to ...

1. superior lung lobe (left lung)

2. inferior lung lobe (left lung)

extra info:

- plural cavity is attached to surface of diaphragm + inner surface of rib/thoracic cage

- bronchioles become secondary once they get inside the lung &. bifurcate

- lung lobes divide into segments

* right lung have 3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior

1. cortex

2. medulla

3. renal column

4. pyramids (basically a bunch of collecting ducts)

5. major calyces

6. minor calyces

7. sinus

8. uretur (emerges outa the pelvis)

9. renal artery

10. renal vein

extra info:

- minor calyces drain 1 pyramid

- major calyces drain 2 pyramids

1. kidney

2. uretur

3. renal artery/vein

4. sigmoid colon

extra info:

- adrenal gland is on top of the kidney

1. digestive system/tract

2. reproductive system/tract

3. urinary system/tract

4. rectum

5. anal canal

6. bladder

7. urethra (comes out of #6)

8. pubic symphysis

extra info:

- for females, #7 terminates in the vestibule

- for females, #6 is directly posterior to #8

1. adrenal gland

2. renal artery/veins

3. kidneys

4. ureter

1. bladder

2. pubic symphysis

3. urethra

extra info:

- #3 is down towards/inside pelvic floor

1. sigmoid colon

2. bladder

1. uterine ligamentis

2. (inside is the uterus)

3. (inside is the top of the bladder)

1. uterine ligamentis

1. labia majora

2. labia minora

3. vestibule

4. clitorus

5. bladder

6. urethra (--> the vestibule)

7. uterus

8. cervix

9. vaginal canal (---> vestibule)

10. rectum

11. anal canal

12. myometrium of #7

13. internal cavity of #7

1. fembriae of fallopian tube

2. ovary

3. uterus

1. rectum

2. bladder

3. urethra (--> #4)

4. spongy urethra

5. caporeia cavernosa

6. ejaculatory duct

7. prostate

8. capoeria spongiosum (surrounds #4)

1. epidydimus (📍 of sperm storage)

2. testes (📍of spermatogenesis)

3. spermacord (vascular tissue)

extra info:

- vas deferon runs thru spermacord

1. vas deferon

2. gonadal artery/vein & inguinal canal (is the opening)

3. duct of the seminal vesicle

(#3 ends up going into the midline --> the prostate --> urethra -->)