research methods part of it rest hand written

What is a case study in research?

A research method that relies on only one study for information.

What is content analysis?

A process that allows researchers to analyze qualitative material and quantify it.

What is covert observation?

Research where you watch your participants' behavior without them knowing.

What are closed questions?

Questions which have a set answer and are used for statistics to generalize results.

What does anonymity mean in ethical considerations?

The participants' identity is not known; personal details are kept out of research.

What is confidentiality in ethical considerations?

Participants' results are kept secret unless part of a group without individual identifiers.

What is informed consent?

The participant agrees to the full terms and conditions of the research, aware of what is involved.

What is a field experiment?

Scientific research carried out in the real world rather than in a laboratory.

What is a laboratory experiment?

Scientific research conducted in a controlled laboratory setting.

What is generalisability?

The ability to apply results to other people of the same profile.

What is a hypothesis?

A prediction that is tested against results in research.

What is interviewer bias/effect?

When the participant alters answers to please or impress the researcher.

What are longitudinal studies?

Studies carried out over time to observe changes in behavior and attitudes.

What is non-participant observation?

Watching from the outside without being involved in the subjects' activities.

What are official statistics?

Statistics produced by the government or official sources.

What are open questions?

Questions that allow participants to answer freely without a set outcome.

What is overt observation?

Research where the subjects are aware they are being observed.

What is participant observation?

Observing while taking part in the activities of the group being studied.

What are personal documents?

Diaries, letters, and social media that provide insight into personal feelings.

What is a pilot study?

A small-scale study conducted to test research methods before the full study.

What is a population in research?

The total number of people in a given situation.

What is primary data?

Data collected firsthand specifically for intended research purposes.

What is qualitative data?

Data produced with letters capturing individual thoughts and meanings.

What is quantitative data?

Data represented by numbers and statistics for generalizable results.

What is reliability in research?

The ability to replicate research and obtain the same results consistently.

What is a representative sample?

A sample that includes a variety of participants from different demographics.

What is a research aim?

The overall purpose of the study and what the researcher seeks to achieve.

What is a research method?

The approach the researcher will use to collect data and results.

What is the research process?

The complete sequence of steps a researcher follows to generate results.

Who is a respondent or participant?

A person who replies to a questionnaire or an advert.

What is a sample in research?

A smaller group selected to represent the wider population studied.

What is a sampling frame?

The list or device used to create the sample from the population.

What is systematic sampling?

Producing a sample via a random systematic method, such as every nth person.

What is quota sampling?

Selecting a specific number of people from a defined subgroup.

What is snowball sampling?

A method where participants recruit other participants through their networks.

What is random sampling?

A completely random selection of individuals, not always representative.

What is stratified sampling?

Dividing the population into subgroups and sampling from each accordingly.

What is secondary data?

Data obtained from a secondary source not intended for the current research.

What is triangulation in research?

Using data from multiple sources and methods to enhance reliability.

What is validity in research?

The extent to which results reflect actual thoughts, feelings, or statistics.