Chemistry Chapter 14

H1 isotope

Protium (H)

H2 isotope

Deuterium (D)

H3 isotope 

tritium (T)

Elements that form Hydrogen bonds

N, O, F

Group 1A Alkali Metals form ______ when bonding with nonmetals

covalent hydrides

Group 7A Halogens form ________ when bonding with metals

ionic hydrides

H+ and a Metal forms

H2 gas and metal ion

H+ and water form

H2 gas and a hydroxide 

H2 gas reduces a metal ion and becomes:

H+

Anything Ionic in water makes

base

Anything covalent in water makes

acid

State of Ionic hydrides

Solid

State of Covalent hydrides (usually)

Gas

Li is less soluble in water than Na or K

True

What type of bond does li form with Carbon 

Polar covalent 

Ways to get Na and K metallic solids

Electrolysis or distillation

Peroxide

O2(2-)

Na reacts with O

Na2O2

Super oxide

O2(1-)

K reacts with O

KO2

super oxides form with which elements

K, Rb, Cs, Fr

peroxides form from which elements

Na

oxides form from which elements

Li

Electron deficient

Be, B

Metals that like to make covalent bonds 

Be, Li

Magnesium doesn’t react with water - reacts with ____ instead

steam

Mg reacting with steam produces

H2 and hydroxide

Calcium is more reactive than magnesium - reacts with ______

cold water

Ca reacts with cold water to form 

H2 and hydroxide 

Is solubility in group 1A or 2A lower

2A

More covalent means ______ soluble

less

___________ can react with cold water to produce H2, its hydroxide, and a cation

Metals of strong bases

Diagonal relationships

Li + Mg, Be + Al, B + Si

Similarities between Li and Mg

Size and Solubility

Similarities between Be and Al

high positive charge density and significant covalent character 

high positive charge density

High charge, small size 

Which elements form amphoteric oxides

Be and Al

Bond that occurs when elements are electron deficient

Bridge bonds

Which elements form bridge bonds

Be, Al, B

Similarities between B and Si

Semiconductors and make weak acids

How can elemental Aluminum be obtained 

Hall-Héroult Process 

what type of process is the Hall-Héroult Process

electrolysis of a molten salt.

Hall-Héroult reaction

2Al2O3 + C(s) → 4Al(s) + 3CO2(g)

CO3 decomposes to

CO2

BaO+H2O forms 

Ba(OH)2 (aq)

B(OH)3 + H2O forms

B(OH)4 + H+