DSM - Personality Disorders

personality disorders

patterns of relating to and understanding others that are so maladaptive, inflexible, and deeply ingrained that they produce significant social impairment

types of personalities in which behaviors are categorized as odd and eccentric

paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

types of personalities in which behaviors are categorized as dramatic and erratic

histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial

types of personalities in which behaviors are categorized as anxious and fearful

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

paranoid personality disorder

- rational suspicions and mistrust of others across all relationships

- preoccupied with thoughts of loyalty, leading to difficulty maintaining relationships

- belief that the world is out to get them

schizoid personality disorder

detachment from social relationships; preference for being alone (so they're more of a loner; but don't necessarily feel lonely); restricted range of affect; lack of close friends; flat affect; emotionally cold; lack of desire for relationships; lack of sexual desire; indifference to opinion of others; lack of pleasure in activities

individuals are loners

schizotypal personality disorder

inappropriate or constricted affect; irrational beliefs; magical thinking; ideas of reference; extreme social anxiety; unusual perceptual experiences (illusions); lack of close friends; paranoid ideation; eccentric appearance

odd behavior, thinking, and speaking (ex: watch news and think its about them)

no psychotic episode

lack close relationships bc they're weird

histrionic personality disorder

constant demands for approval/praise; exaggeration of emotion; discomfort when not the center of attention; attention seeking; sexual seductiveness; use of physical appearance to draw attention; content of speech lacking detail; suggestibility; rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions; belief that relationships are more intimate than they really are; view of themselves as glamorous and impressive; dramatic and vain

narcissistic personality disorder

sense of entitlement; believe rules don't apply to them; using others for personal gain; grandiosity; belief that they are special/unique; need for excessive admiration; lack of empathy; envious of others and belief that others are envious of them; fantasies of success/power/love; arrogance

common among abusers

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

unstable relationships; alternation between idealization and devaluation; feelings of emptiness; mood reactivity; angry outbursts followed by shame/guilt; impulsivity that is self-damaging; avoidance of abandonment (real or perceived); suicidal threats; self-mutilating behaviors; identity disturbance; transient paranoia or dissociation; fear of abandonment and rejection

antisocial personality disorder

frequent physical fights or assaults; irresponsibility; deceitfulness; reckless disregard for safety; impulsive behavior; lack of remorse

violate the rights of others

must be over 18 to be diagnosed

avoidant personality disorder

fear of being ridiculed, social inhibition, poor self-image,

preoccupation with being criticized or rejected in social situations. Avoidance of new activities, reluctance to take personal risks, restraint in intimate relationships,

desire for social relationships feelings of loneliness

individuals are lonely

dependent personality disorder

need for excessive advice/reassurance; need for others to assume responsibility; difficulty doing things independently; lack of self- confidence; going to great lengths to be nurtured/supported; feelings of helplessness; moving from one relationship to the next to receive care and support; difficulty disagreeing with others; need for approval; preoccupation with being left to take care of oneself

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

preoccupation with details, rules, lists, or organization; perfectionism; stubbornness; insistence that others do things "their way;" overly conservative with money; excessive devotion to work or productivity; reluctance to delegate to others; inflexibility around morals, ethics, values, etc.; difficulty throwing things out (even when useless or lacking in sentimental value)

Are personality disorders ego-syntonic or ego-dystonic?

ego syntonic

ego-syntonic

instincts or ideas that are acceptable to the self; that are compatible with one's values and ways of thinking

when symptoms are part of a person's personality and they DON'T see it as an issue

ego-dystonic

responses and behaviors are against one's beliefs and values

when someone DOESN'T like the symptoms

What is essential when treating individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD)?

boundaries

What are characteristics of individuals with Borderline personality disorder?

they often end up in therapy

lots of suicide attempts

fearful of abandonment

volatile behavior

can't maintain relationships

Which two personality disorders can be characterized by not liking close relationships?

schizotypal and schizoid

delusional disorder

experiencing bizarre and non-bizarre delusions only