HISTOLOGY : NERVOUS SYSTEM

nervous system

is a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself.

nervous system

processes this information and causes reactions in other parts of the body.

glia

the nervous system, composed of neurons and other specialized cells, that aid in the function of the neurons. what is this?

peripheral and central nervous system

two categories of nervous system

central nervous system

composed of the brain, its stem and spinal cord

central nervous system

contains several pools of neurons interconnected by cell processes

peripheral nervous system

comprise the nerve trunks (cranial & spinal nerves), ganglia and nerve endings)

meninges

fibrous covering membrane that enclose the brain & spinal cord

dura meter

outer most tough fibrous covering consisting of collagen and some elastic fibers and blood vessels

pachymeninx

what are the other term of dura meter

arachnoid

the middle layer of distinct collagen & elastic fibers with many trabeculae on its surface

trabeculae

serve as supportive network for the subarachnoid space occupied by CSF

ependyma

composed of thin layer of epithelial cell lining the ventricular space with the peripherally positioned pia mater

tela choroidea

thin, web-like c.t. Layer

vascular plexus

contained w/n the delicate tissue projecting into the ventricular system as extensive poles

spinal cord

a round to oval structure surrounded by meninges.

gray matter

forming H or butterfly shape consisting of nerve cell bodies, neuroglia,unmyelinated fibers & some myelinated

ventral column

in the regions of the gray matter, where the large multipolar nuerons are located?

lateral column

in the regions of the gray matter, where medium size neurons located?

dorsal column

in the regions of the gray matter, where small size neurons located?

white matter

area outside the H or butterfly shape consisting of primarily myelinated fibers, also unmyelinated fibers, glial cells and blood vessels

dorsal funiculus

in the area of white matter, occupies the region between DC

lateral funiculus

in the area of white matter, between adjacent DC & VC

ventral funiculus

in the area of white matter, between VC

cervical to the sacral region

Diameter of the spinal cord is not uniform from what region?

gray and white matter

two division of cerebellum

outer molecular layer

in the gray matter of cerebellum, composed of small neurons and unmyelinated fibers

middle purkinje layer

in the gray matter of cerebellum, large pyramidal cell

inner granular layer

in the gray matter of cerebellum, consist of small & tightly packed cell

white matter

part of cerebellum, composed of myelinated fibers is surrounded by the gray matter

molecular layer, purkinje cell layer and granular layer

3 layers of cerebellum

white matter

composed of myelinated axons

gray matter

composed of cell bodies, dendrites and neuroglia

Molecular layer

Outer granular

Outer pyramidal

Inner granular

Inner pyramidal

Multiform layer

6 layers of gray matter of cerebrum

somatic and autonomic nervous system

two division of pns

somatic nervous system

includes neuron that carry information from external environment to the CNS and back to skeletal muscle

autonomic nervous system

functions similarly, but the evocation of response involves the visceral organs

ganglia

are accumulations of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS;

nuclei

aggregations of cell bodies w/n the CNS

what are the types of ganglia

sensory or cranio-spinal ganglia

types of ganglia, that comprise the cranial g of the cranial nerves and dorsal root g of the spinal nerves

motor or autonomic ganglia

types of ganglia, that are the paravertebral and prevertebral g w/n the sympha.NS; Parasympha. g are the terminal g close to, upon or w/n organs wall= intramural g

nerve trunks

are the neuronal processes or nerve fibers connecting the brain, brain stem and spinal cord to peripheral dendritic zones or axon telodendria. They are covered by dense collagenous fibers (endoneurium and perineurium)

afferent nerve ending

transducers of various modalities such as pain, touch, warmth, pressure etc

Meissner's corpuscle

found in the hairless skin of the sole and palms which are pressure receptor

Genital corpuscle

similar to and larger and more encap. than golgi mazzoni; pressure receptor

Genital corpuscle

encapsulated nerve receptors that found in the clitoris and glans penis

Vater pacinian corpuscle

largest encapsulated nerve ending which is a pressure receptor located in deep c.t.

Herbst corpuscles

smaller version of pacinian

Herbst corpuscles

encapsulated nerve receptors that found in the tongues and beaks of birds

Ruffini corpuscles

are probably heat receptor but are asso. With kinesthetic sensations

Free and diffuse nerve endings

most numerous, found in the skin , mucous, serous memb, muscles, joints and visceral connective tissue. ;touch receptor