phonological processes

Substitution

When one sound is substituted for another sound.

Backing

When a sound that is supposed to be produced in the front of the mouth (T, D) is produced in the back of the mouth.

Fronting

When a sound that is supposed to be produced in the back of the mouth (k, g) is produced in the front of the mouth.

Assimilation

When a consonant sounds like another sound in the word.

Coalescence

When characteristics of two adjacent consonants are combined so that one sound replaces two sounds.

Nasal Assimilation

When a non-nasal sound changes to a nasal sound due to a nasal sound in the word.

Gliding

When the R sound is substituted for a W sound and/or L sound is substituted for W or Y.

Cluster Reduction

When a consonant cluster is simplified into a single consonant.

Final Consonant Deletion

When the final consonant in a word is deleted.

Weak Syllable Deletion

When an unstressed syllable in a word is deleted.

Stopping

When a fricative (S, F) or affricate (CH, J) is replaced with a stop consonant.

Vowelization

When the ER or L sound is replaced with a vowel.

Affrication

When a non-affricate is replaced by an affricate.

Deaffrication

When an affricate is replaced with a fricative.

Depalatalization

When a palatal sound is replaced with a non-palatal sound.

Alveolarization

When a non-alveolar sound is replaced with an alveolar sound.

Labialization

When a non-labial sound is replaced with a labial sound.

Weak Syllable Deletion

When an unstressed syllable in a word is deleted.

Final Consonant Deletion

When the final consonant in a word is deleted.

Velar Assimilation

When a consonant sound is replaced by another consonant sound that is produced farther back in the mouth, specifically a velar sound (k, g).

Nasal Assimilation

When a non-nasal sound changes to a nasal sound due to a nasal sound in the word.