ch10

stress

when we perceive and respond to certain events aka stressors that we take as threatening or challenging

approach and avoidance motives

drive to move toward or away from stimulus

fight-or-flight response

emergency response, including activity of sympathetic nervous system that mobilizes energy and activity for attacking or escaping a threat

general adaptation syndrome

• Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in 3 stages

  • alarm, resistance, exhaustion

tend-and-befriend response

under stress ppl provide support to other and bond with and seek support from others

psychoneuroimmunology

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health

coronary heart disease

• clogging of vessels that nourish heart muscle

• leading cause of death in the US and other countries

type A

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, angry people

type B

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

coping

reducing stress using emotional, cognitive, behavioral methods

problem-focused coping

attempting to reduce stress directly by challenging stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

emotion-focused coping

attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

personal control

our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

learned helplessness

hopelessness and passive resignation humans and oher animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

external locus of control

perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

internal locus of control

perception that we control our own fate

self-control

ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

optimism

• anticipation of positive outcomes

• people who expect the best and expect their efforts to lead to good things

pessimism

• anticipation of negative outcomes

• people who expect the worst and doubt that their goals will be achieved

emotional regulation

how we manage our emotions, including which emotions we allow ourselves to feel, when we feel them, how we express those emotions

aerobic exercise

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; reduces depression and anxiety

mindfulness meditation

reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner

subjective wellbeing

• self-perceived satisfaction with life

• used with other measures of objective wellbeing to judge our quality of life

happiness

enduring prevalence of positive emotions

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

tendency to be helpful to others when in a good mood

adaptation-level phenomenon

tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by past experiences

resilience

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity, trauma

relative deprivation

perception that we are worse off relative to those in comparison