AMACE BT1-Plastics, Rubber, and Synthetic MAterial

Plastic

group of materials, either synthetic or

naturally occurring that may be molded when soft and

hardened to retain given shape.

Thermoplastics

become soft when heated and

hard when cooled. It can be remelted again to

liquid and shaped multiple times. Examples are

polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

polysterene, polypropylene, nylons, ionomer and

acrynitrilebutadieniene styrene (ABS).

Thermosetting Plastics

set and “fixed” into a

permanent shape when heat and pressure are

applied to them. Example of this are phenolics,

aminos ( urea and melamine ) epoxies , polysters

, polyurethane , alkyd silicones and diallyl

phthalate (DAP).

Injection Molding Process

amount of powder is

heated and forced through a nozzle of the barrel

into a shaped cavity where it cools. Typical

examples of this are gears, knobs and

wastebaskets.

Rotational Molding

– a mold is used to form hollow

units. The mold is rotated continuously to even out

the distribution. This method is usually used for

heavy walls and complex shapes. Typical

examples are : tanks and heater ducts.

Compression Molding

a measured quantity of

powder is placed in heated mold where heat and

pressure is applied. It is then removed from the

mold to cool. Typical examples are : handles and

knobs )

Transfer Molding

the powder is heated and

liquified outside the mold and injected into the

mold under heat and pressure where the forming

and setting takes place. A good example is

phenolic.

Extrusion Forming

typically used for mass-

produced materials which have a constant cross

section. Typical examples are : tubes, rods, water

hose and drain pipes.

Laminating Process

consists of filling sheets of

paper, glass fiber or cloth with a thermosetting

liquid resin and then applying heat and pressure to

number of sheets to form a laminated product.

Typical examples are plain and patterned wall

paneling, table top materials and industrial

laminate board.

Casting

liquid plastics with curing agents are

poured into molds and set with or without heat.

Typical examples are pipes, rods and sheets.

ADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTIC IN

CONSTRUCTION

1. Lightweight yet strong which makes it

transportable around sites

2. Resistant to rot and corrosion

3. Strong weather ability

4. Flexible and easily extruded, bent, and

molded

5. Easily removed and recyclable

6. Plastics has a long lifespan that encourages

reuse

DISADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTIC IN

CONSTRUCTION

1.High embodied energy content

2. Low modulus of elasticity which means it is

unsuitable for load-bearing applications

3. Most plastics are ignitable and have a high

thermal expansion rate

4. Environmental concerns and hazards

because of difficulties in recycling them.

Rubber

is a tough elastic polymeric substance made

from the latex of a tropical plant or synthetically.

Polymerization

is a process where “monomers”

combined chemically to produce large chainlike

network molecule “ polymers”.

Latex

consists of the polymer called polyisoprene

suspended in water. It is extracted from plants

primarily the rubber tree or hevea brasiliensis.

PVC

stands for polyvinyl chloride and is one of the

most used plastic polymer for a variety of applications.

EDPM

stands for ethylene propylene diene

monomer rubber and is a type of a synthetic rubber.

TPO

stands for Thermoplastic Polyolefin and is a

polypropylene based materials that have been

modified for better ductility and impact resistance.

Natural Rubber

Manufacturing of natural rubber begins wth harvesting

latex from rubber trees. The most common method of

extracting the rubber from latex uses coagulation

where acid is added to the latex. Coagulation process

takes about 12 hours.

Synthetic Rubber

can be obtained through the process of polymerization.

RUBBER FLOORING

come in the form of tiles. Synthetic

rubber is used since it has less tendency to oxidize

than natural rubber. Pigments and plasticizers are

mixed with the liquid rubber and the mixture is rolled

into sheets under pressure and cut into 6, 9 and 12

inches squares and 18 x 36 inches in thicknesses of

3/32, 1/8 and 3/16 inches.

RUBBER ROOFING

made of rubber or plastic polymers

or a combination of both. This kind of roofing is

primarily used to reduce leaking and to produce more

impenetrable sealing. Due to its flexibility in nature,

rubber roofing can go where a typical roofing material

cannot.

Synthetic materials

are anything that are manmade

which do not occur in nature. They are artificially and

chemically produced be it in a laboratory or industrial

site.

Vinyl Flooring

Is a synthetic and composite material with primary

component of polyvinyl chloride. Vinyl sheets or tiles

are easy to install and is known as highly durable which

makes it a popular material to install in high traffic areas

such as hospitals. Vinyl sheet offers a lot of

advantages in healthcare facilities such as its anti-

static characteristic , pvc component that reduces

noise and unique hygiene properties which maintains

a good level of sanitation.