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25 Terms
1
Health psychology
The branch of psychology that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behaviors.
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2
Stress
A negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person’s resources or ability to cope.
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3
Stress Appraisal
How you see or appraise the stress or present situation.
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4
Appraisal model
Experience of stress determined by subjective evaluation of phenomenon and resources for coping.
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5
Stressor
Events we see as threatening or challenging.
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6
Traumatic events
Negative, severe events or situations that are far beyond normal expectations for everyday life.
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7
Tend and befriend response
Phenomenon where those around you quickly come to your aid during traumatic events.
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8
Walter Cannon
Psychologist who confirmed that the response to stress is a mind/body experience and results in a chain of internal physical reactions.
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9
Fight or flight response
The body's emergency reaction involving both the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system.
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10
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
The body's adaptive response to stress, consisting of 3 stages: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.
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Alarm Reaction
Stage of GAS where the sympathetic nervous system is activated and the body prepares to fight a challenge.
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12
Exhaustion
Stage of GAS where the body’s energy reserves become depleted, potentially leading to illness.
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13
Psychophysiological Illnesses
Mind-body illnesses, including stress-related physical illnesses like hypertension and headaches.
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14
Lymphocytes
Types of white blood cells (B and T lymphocytes) that fight foreign substances causing illnesses.
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15
Psychoneuroimmunology
The interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnections among psychological processes, nervous, endocrine system functions, and the immune system.
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16
Type A personalities
Individuals characterized by high urgency, hostility, and competitiveness, significantly affecting cardiovascular health.
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17
Learned helplessness
Condition resulting from feeling a loss of control, leading to passive behavior in response to stress.
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18
Coping
Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.
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Problem-focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the interaction with it.
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20
Emotion-focused strategy
Managing the emotional impact of a stressful situation.
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21
Perceived Control
Belief that control exists, which influences the choice of coping strategies.
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22
Locus of control
The degree to which individuals perceive their outcomes as being under their own control (internal) or determined by external factors (external).
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23
Explanatory style
The way individuals explain the events in their life as either optimistic or pessimistic.
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24
Social support
Resources provided by others in times of need, including emotional, tangible, and informational support.
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25
Resilience
The ability to cope with stress and adversity, adapt to negative circumstances, and rebound after negative experiences.
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