Bio practice test

Which of the following is a pseudo-ruminant?

horse

Which of the following statements is untrue?

Birds eat large quantities at one time so that they can fly long distances.

The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by .

bicarbonates

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the .

duodenum

A scientist dissects a new species of animal. If the animal’s digestive system has a single stomach with an extended small intestine, to which animal could the dissected specimen be closely related?

lion

Which of the following statements is not true?

Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

vitamin C

What is the primary fuel for the body?

carbohydrates

Excess glucose is stored as .

glycogen

Many distance runners “carb load” the day before a big race. How does this eating strategy provide an advantage to the runner?

The excess carbohydrates can be stored in the muscles as glycogen.

Where does the majority of protein digestion take place?

duodenum

Lipases are enzymes that breakdown .

lipids

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause constipation?

dehydration

Which hormone controls the release of bile from the gallbladder?

CCK

Which hormone stops acid secretion in the stomach?

somatostatin

In the famous conditioning experiment, Pavlov demonstrated that his dogs started drooling in response to a bell sounding. What part of the digestive process did he stimulate?

cephalic phase

Respiratory system

provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide

Air warming and humidification

all the above

Order of airflow during inhalation

nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Inspiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be further inhaled after a normal breath

Of the following, which does not explain why the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the lung than in the external air?

Lungs exert a pressure on the air to reduce the oxygen pressure.

Total lung capacity formula

residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Effect of diaphragm paralysis on inspiration

It would prevent inhalation because the intrapleural pressure would not change.

Restrictive airway diseases

decrease the compliance of the lung

Alveolar ventilation constancy

the respiratory rate is decreased while increasing the volume per breath

Which of the following will NOT facilitate the transfer of oxygen to tissues?

decreased body temperature

Majority of carbon dioxide transport

conversion to bicarbonate

Majority of oxygen transport

binding to hemoglobin

Endotherm

Which type of animal maintains a constant internal body temperature?

Bilateral

The symmetry found in animals that move swiftly is .

Estivation

What term describes the condition of a desert mouse that lowers its metabolic rate and "sleeps" during the hot day?

Midsagittal

A plane that divides an animal into equal right and left portions is .

Coronal

A plane that divides an animal into dorsal and ventral portions is .

Thoracic cavity

The pleural cavity is a part of which cavity?

Ectotherm diversity will decrease in cool regions

How could the increasing global temperature associated with climate change impact ectotherms?

It allows the animal to gather food from all sides

What is an advantage of radial symmetry?

Squamous

Which type of epithelial cell is best adapted to aid diffusion?

Cuboidal

Which type of epithelial cell is found in glands?

Transitional

Which type of epithelial cell is found in the urinary bladder?

Fibrous connective tissue

Which type of connective tissue has the most fibers?

Bone

Which type of connective tissue has a mineralized matrix?

Osteoclast

The cell found in bone that breaks it down is called an .

Osteoblast

The cell found in bone that makes the bone is called an .

Matrix of blood

Plasma is the .

Skeletal muscle

The type of muscle cell under voluntary control is the .

Cell body

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is the .

The discs ensure that all the cardiac muscle cells beat as a single unit.

Why are intercalated discs essential to the function of cardiac muscle?

Increase muscle activity to generate heat

When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will:

Lowering of blood glucose after a meal.

Which is an example of negative feedback?

Conduction

Which method of heat exchange occurs during direct contact between the source and animal?

Hypothalamus

The body's thermostat is located in the .

Acclimatization is passed on to offspring of acclimated individuals.

Which of the following is not true about acclimatization?

Sweating for evaporative cooling

Which of the following is not a way that ectotherms can change their body temperatures?

Advantages of open circulatory systems

They use less metabolic energy.

Animals using diffusion instead of a circulatory system

birds and jellyfish

Blood flow directed through lungs and back to heart

pulmonary circulation

White blood cells classification

can be classified as granulocytes or agranulocytes

Function of white blood cells

defend the body against bacteria and viruses

Alternative name for white blood cells

are also called leucocytes

Platelet plug formation occurs when

when platelets are attracted to a site of blood vessel damage

Percentage of blood that is plasma in humans

55 percent

Difference of red blood cells in birds from mammals

they have nuclei

Heart's internal pacemaker beats by

the excitation of cardiac muscle cells at the sinoatrial node followed by the atrioventricular node

Systolic phase of the cardiac cycle

the heart is contracting

Similarity of cardiomyocytes to skeletal muscle

they are striated

Difference between arteries and veins

Arteries have thicker smooth muscle layers to accommodate the changes in pressure from the heart.

High blood pressure result

a high cardiac output and high peripheral resistance