Musculoskeletal and Neurological Assessment Overview

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, findings, and procedures related to the assessment of the musculoskeletal and neurological systems, essential for nursing practice.

What type of data is essential during a physical assessment?

Both objective and subjective data.

What is the significance of the grading scale in muscle strength assessment?

It helps determine the range of motion and strength against resistance.

What is the expected finding when inspecting the spine?

Symmetry and proper alignment.

What are the expected findings for joint movement in the shoulders?

Symmetrical range of motion without pain.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor function in the muscles of mastication?

Trigeminal (V) nerve.

What are ligaments?

Tissues that connect bones at joints.

Define the term 'ROM' in a muscular assessment.

Range of Motion.

What type of joint is the hip classified as?

Ball and socket joint.

What are potential unexpected findings during a musculoskeletal assessment?

Asymmetry, swelling, or pain.

Describe the actions of the accessory cranial nerve (XI).

Motor function for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

What is a common assessment technique for the neck?

Inspection and palpation.

What is the expected outcome when palpating the elbows?

Symmetry and no swelling or pain.

How do you assess the strength of the deltoid muscle?

By having the patient resist shoulder abduction.

What is the purpose of using PRICE in nursing actions?

To manage injuries by protecting, restricting, icing, compressing, and elevating.

What are subjective data in a musculoskeletal assessment?

Patient-reported experiences like pain, sensation changes, and mobility issues.

Explain what's assessed during a gait assessment.

Smoothness and coordination of movement, as well as symmetry.

What does dorsiflexion refer to?

The movement of the foot upwards toward the shin.

What variations in movement might be expected during a massage?

Muscle size variation or tenderness.

What is an expected finding when assessing fingers?

Straight alignment with no deformities.

What action is involved in protraction of the jaw?

Moving the jaw forward.

What does the term 'abduction' refer to?

Movement away from the midline of the body.

What should a nurse document about range of motion findings?

Grading them on a scale from 0 (no movement) to 5 (full motion against resistance).

What are common unexpected findings when inspecting ankles?

Swelling, misalignment, or ulcers.

What does hyperextension of a joint mean?

Extending a joint beyond its normal range.

How can one recognize the presence of edema during palpation?

By noting swelling and firmness in tissues.

What is a key component of health promotion interventions?

Injury prevention strategies.

What should a nurse monitor for during a neurological assessment?

Sensory function and any deviations in expected responses.

Which muscle grades indicate a lack of movement?

Grade 0 - No contraction.

What is the significance of symmetry in a physical assessment?

It indicates normal function and configuration of body parts.

How often should a neuropathy patient inspect their feet?

Daily.

What information is captured in a health history interview?

Relevant medical history and current health concerns.

What are the expected findings when inspecting the knees?

Symmetry and stability with no swelling.

What actions are involved in hip assessment?

Inspecting for pain, symmetry, and range of motion.

What documents information is necessary during a musculoskeletal assessment?

Details about observed physical findings and patient-reported symptoms.

How can exercise be promoted for musculoskeletal health?

By recommending appropriate strength training and flexibility exercises.

What might necessitate immediate intervention during a neurological assessment?

Signs of acute sensory loss or paralysis.

Why is palpation used during physical assessments?

To detect abnormalities such as tenderness, warmth, or fluid.

What are the potential risks when a patient presents with bilateral weakness?

Underlying neurological compromise or muscle injury.

How does nutrition affect musculoskeletal health?

Adequate calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health.