CNS Depressants - Quiz 1

Hu Lectures

The ideal Inhalation Anesthetic

• nonflammable

• good chemical and metabolic stability

• low incidence of myocardial effects

• low incidence of hepatic and renal damage

• rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia

• adequate skeletal muscle relaxation

• wide margin of safety

Lipid Hypothesis of 1899

+original, modification

Protein Hypothesis

Name this molecule

+class, formulation

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

aka laughing gas

gaseous general anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+class, formulation

Cyclopropane

gaseous general anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+class, formulation

Ethylene

gaseous general anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+brand, class, formulation

Halothane (Fluothane)

Volatile Liquid General Anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+brand, class, formulation

Enflurane (Ethrane)

Volatile Liquid General Anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+brand, class, formulation

Desflurane (Suprane)

Volatile Liquid General Anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+brand, class, formulation

Isoflurane (Forane)

Volatile Liquid General Anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

Name this molecule

+brand, class, formulation

Sevoflurane (Ultane)

Volatile Liquid General Anesthetics

formulation: inhalation

General Side Effects of Volatile Liquid General Anesthetics

+cause, ADEs/: bromide, chloride, fluoride, storage conditions

Side effects are due to halide metabolites

Bromide and Chloride effects

• sensitizes the heart to NE and EPI causing ventricular fibrillation (heart beats faster, gets out of sync, and then stops beating)

• arrhythmia (abnormal heart beat)

Fluoride

• kidney and liver damage due to bioaccumulation

Storage = 15-30°C

Packaging of Fluranes

Color-coded

• sevoflurane = yellow

• isoflurane = purple

• enflurane = orange

• desflurane = blue

Advantages of injectable anesthetics

• no special equipment needed to administer

• many have faster onset than inhaled agents

• rapid recovery; suitable for outpatients

Name this molecule

+brand, aka, formulation

Ketamine HCl (Ketalar)

aka “Special K”

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Esketamine (Spravato)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+aka, formulation

Phencyclidine

aka: “Angle Dust, PCP”

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Propofol (Diprivan)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Midazolam HCl (Versed)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Fospropofol (Lusedra)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Remimazolam (Byfavo)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Etomidate (Amidate)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Methohexital Sodium (Brevital Sodium)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Name this molecule

+brand, formulation

Thiopental Sodium (Sodium Pentothal)

formulation: IV anesthetic

Sedative def.

a drug that exerts a calming effect with little to no effect on motor or mental functions

Hypnotic def.

a drug that produces drowsiness and encourages the onset and maintenance of sleep

• resembling as close as possible natural sleep

Anxiolytic def.

a drug that specifically relieves excessive anxiety, a sense of apprehensive expectation that is either appropriate to the situation or excessive

• panic attacks, phobias, etc.

Sedative and hypnotics

+moa, receptors