Cell division

Cell Cycle in Eukaryotic Cells

What is interphase and metaphase

Interphase (G1, S, G2)

Mitotic Phase (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis).

Interphase involves growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division.

Mitotic phase includes nucleus and cytoplasm division.

Role of the Cytoskeleton in Cell Division

organises chromosomes, form spindles, and change cell shape during division.

Differences in Cell Division in Plant, Animal, and Bacterial Cells

Plant cells use cell plate formation, animal cells use cleavage, and bacterial cells undergo binary fission for cytokinesis.

Function of Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Ensure accurate DNA replication, repair damaged DNA, and halt abnormal cells from progressing through the cycle.

Diverse Range of Cell Types in Multicellular Organisms

Differentiation leads to specialized cell types for specific functions in complex tissues and organs.

Types of Stem Cells and Their Roles

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, adult stem cells are tissue-specific.

Induced pluripotent stem cells are reprogrammed adult cells with pluripotent abilities.

Types of Tissues

Epithelial tissues cover and line

Connective tissues support

Muscle tissues contract for movement

Neuronal tissues transmit signals.

Cell Connections in Tissues

Tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions connect cells in tissues for communication, adhesion, and structural integrity.

Induced pluripotent stem cells

Generated from cells taken from a patient as a skin sample

Differentiation

One way process

How are cells organised

Adipose

bone

skin

skeletal muscle

cartilage

intestine

what does the matrix consist of

Fibres in a liquid or solid foundation

Meiosis

Division of germ cells to produce gametes

Mitosis

division of somatic cells