Lesson 2 energy levels, subshells orbitals

electrons are housed inside regions of space known as orbitals. There are many types of orbitals, each having a different size, energy level, shape, and orientation in space.

According to the quantum mechanical model of the atom proposed by Erwin Schrödinger

developed a powerful model of atom that we still use today, electron cloud model

In 1926 he

not travel in an exact orbit

an electron does

for certain where it is but only where it ought to be

We cannot say

1887-1961

Erwin Schrodinger

of an element describes how electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals

Electron configuration

1-energy level

s-type of orbital

^1-number of electron in an orbital

1s^1

follow a standard notation in which all elecctron-containing atomic subshells (with the numebr of electrons they hold written in superscript, are placed in a seqeunce

electron configuration of atoms

electrons have different energy levels or shells, depending on their distance om the nucleus

1. Energy Levels or shells

the greater its energy,

The greater the distance of electrons from nucleus

the lower the energy possesed by the atom

The lesser the distancet

inside an atom are the secific energies that electron can have when occupying specific orbitals

Energy levels/ shells

principal quantum number if n=1 then electron is found in the 1st energy level

Energy level states the

1st energy level, 2nd energy level, 3rd energy level, 4th energy level

K, L, M, N

It is represented by the formula 2n^2 where n is the shell number

The maximum number of electrons that cna accommodated in a shell is based on the principal quantum nymber

2*1^2=2,

K shell, n=1

2*2^2=8

L shell, n=2

2*3^2=18

M shell, n=3

2*4^2=32

N shell, n=4

each energy level consists of a particular subshells or orbital

Subshells

the name of subshells and their orbitals are the same

It divides the energy level shell into subshells

occupies a particular numbe of orbital

A subshell

they are named s,p,d,f.

Types of subshells

stand for sharp priincipal diffuse and fundamental respectively

The spd and f

is a probablity function that describes where electrongs may be found.

Orbital

orbits, rather they are electron density clouds which describe the distribton of electrons

Orbitals are not

orbital contians a number and for everyone one orbital it can hold 2 max. number of electrons

A particular subshell

6 electrons to fill a p, orbital

A maximum of 2 electrons to fuill an orbital

a d orbital

10 electrons to fill

f orbital

and 14 electrons to fill