Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acid

Substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water

Arrhenius Base

Substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water

H+ ions are often

Protons

The chemical formula of the hydronium ion

H3O+

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Substance that gives a proton to another substance (Proton Donor)

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Substance that accepts a proton from another substance (proton acceptor)

Lewis Acid

Electron pair acceptor

Lewis Base

Electron pair donor

Conjugate Acid

A base that gained a proton

Conjugate Base

An acid that has lost a proton

Conjugate Acid-Base pairs

Two substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton

• The acid becomes its conjugate base by losing a proton

• The base becomes its conjugate acid by accepting a proton

What is the formula for the Conjugate Acid?

a) H3O+

c)NH4+

e) H2CO3+

g) HF+

What is the formula for the Conjugate Base?

a) Cl-

c) CN-

e) HSO4

g)HPO4-

If the pH is under 7.0 is it Acidic, Basic or Neutral?

Acidic

If the pH is over 7.0 is it Acidic, Basic or Neutral?

Basic

If the pH is 7.0 is it Acidic, Basic or Neutral?

Neutral

Amphoteric

A chemical that can act as an acid or a base

Lewis structure for the hydronium ion

H3O+

Strong Acid

Completely dissociate when dissolved in water

• —> indicated complete dissociation in the chemical equation

• Small reversible process but is ignored

List 7 Strong Acids

HI

HBR

HCI

HCLO3

HNO3

HCLO4

H2SO4

Weak Acid

Partially dissociate when dissolved in water

• the dissociated form are in Dynamic equilibrium

Acid-Dissociation Constant (Ka)

Equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid

Strong acids have _______ Ka values and weak acids have _________ Ka values

LARGE, small

Strong acids have _______ pka values and weak acids have ______ pka values

small, LARGE

Both protons are considered strong acids in H2SO4? True or false

False

How many ionizable protons are in Monoprotic acids?

1 proton

How many ionizable protons are in Diprotic acid?

2 protons

How many ionizable protons are in Triprotic acids?

3 protons

The ionizable protons in polyprotic acids dissociate one at a time? True or False

True

Strong Base

Completely dissociate when dissolved in water

Name all 7 formula’s for Strong bases

LiOH

NaOH

KOH

Ca(OH)2

Sr(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

Strong bases are group _______ and group ________ hydroxides

1A and 2A

When multiple hydroxide ions are present, they dissociate one at a time? True or False

False

Weak Base

Produce OH- ions by accepting a proton from water

Many weak bases have a _______ atom with a _________________________

Nitrogen, lone pair of electrons that act like proton acceptor

What is the base dissociation constant?

Equilibrium constant for the ionization reaction of a weak base

If the element is a anion is it usually Basic, Acidic or Neutral

Basic

If the element is a cation is it usually Basic, Acidic or Neutral

Acidic

If an element is from Group 1A or 2A it always Basic, Acidic or Neutral

Neutral