Plant Anatomy

Epidermis

________ is around one cell thick and is coated with a waxy cuticle or bark.

collenchyma

Is composed of ________, sclerenchyma, and parenchyma tissues.

Root hairs

________ occur in maturation zone and are an extension of an epidermal cell and thus are unicellular.

Casparian strip

The ________ is a waterproof layer that conducts water and minerals into the plasma membranes, instead of through spaces in the cell wall.

Fibers

________ provide support while, tracheids and vessels conduct water.

Wood

________ is composed of xylem.

Stems

________ can be specialized to perform specific functions.

Monocots

________ and dicots have different arrangements of vascular tissue.

photosynthetic organ

Leaves are the ________ of the plant.

Vascular cambium

________ will develop in between the xylem and the phloem which increases the diameter of the stem.

Megaphylls

________: Typically larger with multiple viens.

endodermis

The ________ is at the edge of the stele, which includes all the vascular tissue.

​A plants

________ stem provides support to all above ground structures.

Epiphytic plants

________: Grow on trees and draw their nutrients from the air; not parasitic.

Complex tissues

________: Made up of multiple types of simple tissues.

Sieve tube members

________ are found in most angiosperms.

Simple tissues

________: Made up of one type of cell.

Tap roots

________: One larger root with smaller roots coming off of it.

Sieve cells

________ are found in gymnosperms, ferns, and horsetails.

Dermal tissues

Forms the outer protective coating of the plant

Ground tissue

Performs most metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis, storage, secretion, and support

Vascular tissue

Conducts fluids around the plant

Simple tissues

Made up of one type of cell

Complex tissues

Made up of multiple types of simple tissues

Include

guard cells, stomata, trichomes, and root hairs

Root cap

contain gravity sensing columella cells

Fibrous roots

Many small roots

Tap roots

One larger root with smaller roots coming off of it

Adventitious roots

Prop and buttress roots (not real roots)

Aerial roots

Roots above ground

Epiphytic plants

Grow on trees and draw their nutrients from the air; not parasitic

Microphylls

Small with one central vein

Megaphylls

Typically larger with multiple viens

Floral leaves​

Poinsettia

Spines​

Cacti needles

Reproductive leaves​

Some succulents

Insectivorous leaves

Venus fly trap

What are the 3 tissue systems in plants

Dermal, ground, and vascular

Dermal tissues

Forms the outer protective coating of the plant

Ground tissue

Performs most metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis, storage, secretion, and support

Vascular tissue

Conducts fluids around the plant

Simple tissues

Made up of one type of cell

List 6 traits of parenchyma cells

Found in epidermal and ground tissue systems, Most common cell type in plants, Thin walled, Alive at maturity, Some retain totipotency, Responsible for most metabolic function

List 4 traits of collenchyma cells

Found in ground tissue, Strong, thick, and flexible walls, Alive at maturity, Provides support to actively growing areas of the plant

List 5 traits of sclerenchyma cells

Found in ground and vascular tissue, Tough, thick walls that are strengthened with lignin, Not alive at maturity, Provide support to non growing parts of the plants, Can either be fibbers or sclereids

Complex tissues

Made up of multiple types of simple tissues

Describe the xylem

Composed of sclerenchyma and parenchyma, Made of fibers, tracheids, and vessel membranes, Fibers provide support while, tracheids and vessels conduct water, Wood is composed of xylem.

Describe the phloem

Composed of sclerenchyma and parenchyma, Made of sieve cells, sieve tube members, companion cells and fibers

Companion cells

made of parenchyma cells and provide support

Sieve cells are found in what types of plants?

gymnosperms, ferns, and horsetails

Sieve tube members are found in what types of plants?

most angiosperms

Describe dermal tissue

Epidermis is around one cell thick and is coated with a waxy cuticle or bark, Include

Where do root hairs occur and what are they?

in maturation zone and are an extension of an epidermal cell and thus are unicellular.

Describe ground tissue

Filler tissue, Carries out photosynthesis, storage, and provide support, Is composed of collenchyma, sclerenchyma, and parenchyma tissues

What does the xylem transport?

water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant

What does the phloem transport?

fluids, products of photosynthesis, and hormones around the plant

The arrangement of vascular bundles in dicots allows for what?

secondary growth in woody stems.

Where does the vascular cambium develop in dicots?

between the xylem and the phloem which increases the diameter of the stem

Root cap

contain gravity sensing columella cells

What are the 3 zones of the root?

cell division, elongation, and maturation (differentiation)

What are the 2 types of roots

Fibrous and tap roots

Fibrous roots

Many small roots.

What is an example of a fibrous root?

Grasses

Tap roots

One larger root with smaller roots coming off of it.

What is an example of a tap root?

Carrots

Where is the endodermis located?

It is at the edge of the stele, which includes all the vascular tissue.

What is the Casparian strip?

It is a waterproof layer that conducts water and minerals into the plasma membranes, instead of through spaces in the cell wall.

What is the pericycle?

It is meristematic tissue involved in secondary growth

Adventitious roots

Prop and buttress roots (not real roots)

Aerial roots

Roots above ground

What is an example of pneumatophores?

Jackfruit

What is an example of storage roots?

beets, carrots

Epiphytic plants

Grow on trees and draw their nutrients from the air; not parasitic

What does the plant stem support?

all above ground structures

Where do leaves develop from?

The apical meristem

Internodes

the spaces in between nodes

Nodes

The point where leaves attach

What is an example of a bulb?

tulips and onions

What is an example of a rhizome?

Ginger

What is an example of runners and stolons?

strawberries

What is an example of tubers?

potatoes

What is an example of tendrils?

vines in ivy, peas, pumpkins, ect

What is an example of a cladophyll?

cacti

What are the 3 leaf patterns?

Alternate, Opposite, Whorled

What are the two types of leaves?

Microphylls and megaphylls

Microphylls

Small with one central vein

Megaphylls

Typically larger with multiple viens

What is an example of floral leaves?​

Poinsettia

What is an example of spines​?

Cacti needles

What is an example of reproductive leaves?​

Some succulents

What is an example of insectivorous leaves?

Venus fly trap