Light Waves Review Guide

light/electromagnetic wave

A type of wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, propagating through space and capable of traveling through a vacuum.

crest

The highest point of a wave, representing the maximum displacement of the wave from its rest position.

trough

The lowest point of a wave, representing the minimum displacement of the wave from its rest position.

wavelength

The distance between successive crests or troughs of a wave, representing the length of one complete wave cycle.

amplitude

The maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position, indicating the wave's energy.

frequency

The number of complete wave cycles that pass a given point in a unit of time, typically measured in hertz (Hz).

visible light - ROYGBIV

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye, consisting of wavelengths ranging from approximately 400 to 700 nanometers.

prism

A transparent optical element that refracts light, separating it into its constituent colors.

spectroscope

An instrument used to observe the spectrum of light, allowing for the analysis of the different wavelengths present.

medium

A substance through which light waves can travel, such as air, water, or glass.

reflection

The bouncing back of light waves when they hit a surface, allowing us to see images.

refraction

The bending of light waves as they pass from one medium to another, changing their speed and direction.

angle of reflection

The angle formed between the reflected light wave and the normal line at the surface. It is equal to the angle of incidence.

angle of incidence

The angle formed between the incoming light wave and the normal line at the surface, equal to the angle of reflection.

law of reflection

The principle stating that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection when light strikes a reflective surface.

total internal reflection

The phenomenon that occurs when a light wave hits a boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing all the light to be reflected back into the medium.