ANS Neurotransmitters + Receptors.

All preganglionic neurons release what neurotransmitter

acetylcholine (ACh)

Cholinergic fibers

release neurotransmitter ACh

all ANS preganglionic axons

all parasympathetic postganglionic axons

Andrenergic fibers

release norepineprhine

most sympathetic postganglionic axons except those in sweat glands and skeletal muscles (bloodvessels)

Sympathetic release what and where

ACh at preganglionic axon and NE at postganglionic axon usually (except at sweat glands and blood vessesl of skeletal muscles)

Parasympathetic release

ACh at pre and post ganglionic axon

Cholinergic receptors and what are the two types

bind ACh

nicotinic and muscarinic

Nicotinic receptors + effect

cholinergic (ACh) → always stimulatory (excitatory)

Where are nicotonic receptors found (3)

in motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells (NMJ)

autonomic ganglia → All post ganglionic neurons or horomone producing cells of adrenal medulla

If preganglionic neuron is talking to postganglionic neuron → always what neurotransmitter and receptor

ACh on nicotonic receptor

Muscarinic receptors + effects

Cholinergic (ACh) → either inhibitory or excitatory depending on receptor type of target organ

where are muscarinic receptors found

All effector cells (target organs) stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers (mostly parasympathetic)

Adrenergic receptors and what are the two types and in what target organs

bind norepinephrine

alpha (subtypes alpha 1 and 2)

beta (subtypes beta 1 2 and 3)

in sympathetic target organs

Effect of adrenergic receptor

excitatory or inhibitory depedning on what subclass of receptor predominates in target organ

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter map

preganglion - ACh

ganglion receptor - nicotonic receptors

postganglion - ACh

effector receptor - muscarinic

Sympathetic neurotransmitter map

Preganglionic - ACh

Ganglion receptor - nicotonic receptor

Postganglion - epinephrine or norepinephrine

Effector receptor - Adrenergic

Alpha vs beta adrenergic receptors

alpha - > squeeze blood

beta → boost

Sympathetic exception releases what instead

sweat glands release ACh not epinephrine or norepinephrine even though it is sympathetic

Why can the same neurotransmitter cause different effects in different organs

same neuro transmitter, different receptors in target organs → different effects

Sympathetic post ganglionic fibers release what 2 different nuerotransmitters

Standard sympathetic nerve (postganglionic fiber) → norepinephrine

adrenal medualla → mostly epineprhine and some norepinephrinemedulla into blood