Chemistry Unit Test

Notes -> Chat GPT -> Knowt :)

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Physical Properties

Properties that do not change the composition of a substance, only its state or form.

Chemical Properties

Properties that describe a substance's ability to change into different substances.

Qualitative Properties

Properties that can be observed with the senses and not measured.

Quantitative Properties

Properties that can be measured and expressed numerically.

Signs of a Chemical Reaction

Gas formed, precipitate formed, color change, odor change, heat/light produced, new substance.

Physical Change

A change in which no new substance is formed, such as shredding paper.

Chemical Change

A change that produces a new substance, such as cooking an egg.

Element

A substance that contains only one type of particle.

Compound

A substance made up of two or more different types of particles.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties.

Solution

A uniform mixture where the components are not visibly distinguishable.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with visibly different substances or phases.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus.

Neutron

A neutrally charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus.

Atomic Model - Dalton

Proposed that atoms are indivisible.

Atomic Model - Thomson

Discovered the electron as a component of atoms.

Atomic Model - Rutherford

Proposed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus.

Atomic Model - Chadwick

Discovered neutrons in the atom.

Atomic Model - Bohr

Proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels.

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements known for being non-reactive with a full outer shell.

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements that are very reactive and have one valence electron.

Halogens

Group 17 elements that are reactive and need one more electron to be stable.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2 elements known for their reactivity.

Diatomic Molecule

A molecule consisting of two atoms, such as O₂ (oxygen).

Molecular Compound

A compound made up of molecules, such as H₂O (water).

Ionic Compound

A compound made up of ions, such as KI (potassium iodide).

Vinegar Chemical Formula

CH₃COOH, containing 4 Hydrogen, 2 Carbon, 2 Oxygen.

Magnesium Ion (Mg²⁺)

A magnesium atom that has lost 2 electrons, resulting in a +2 charge.