WH2 Quiz 1

Cottage Industry

aka the “Domestic System” -- textiles were the first and main ____________

Deists

essentially established their own religion with “rational” ethics as its core

Great Britain

comprised of England, Scotland, and Wales

Holy Roman Empire

consisted mostly of German-speaking principalities

These nobles/areas belong to the ___ , but regard themselves as autonomous

Philosophes

FR word for “philosophers”

“philosophes” became…

engaged and agitated for change

Salons

evening receptions for discussions

Thomas Hobbes

author of Leviathan

The Leviathan:

people give their power to an absolute authority

United Kingdom

area of Great Britain with the inclusion of Ireland

Nicolaus Copernicus

asserted a sun-centered (hellocentric) view

Ivan IV, “The Terrible”

czarist autocracy (unlimited authority)

Charles I. (1st of Spain) & Charles V. (5th of HRE)

____ abdicates ; the Hasburg Empire was divided

Spain

Rule of Phillip II -- a zeal for Catholicism

England

Rule of Elizabeth I -- religious peace via the Elizabethan Settlement

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

SP’s Phillip II could regard military action as a holy crusade against the “heretical/illegitimate” queen

Elizabeth I

words at Tilbury

the Edict of Nantes

granted religious toleration/freedom for Huguenots

the Netherlands

also known as Holland

The “Low Countries”

Belgium, the Netherlands, & Luxembourg

James 1

In England, __ granted charters for the establishment of colonies in North America

The Dutch Republic

Dutch/Netherlands/Holland could be considered “cutting edge”

the Fluyt

a modern republic

The Dutch established…

a global trading network

the Dutch trading empire – locations:

East Indies: Indonesia

West Indies: Caribbean

The Dutch

a “Golden Age”

Thirty Years’ War

series of conflicts -- fought largely in Germany over religious, dynastic, & territorial concerns

Francis Bacon

inductive reasoning

Cardinal Richelieu

His principle: “Raison d’etat” or “Reason of State” – which supersedes any moral violations

Charles I

In England : dissolved Parliament numerous times and attempted to impose the Anglican Liturgy in Scotland

Galileo

silenced by the Inquisition

The English Civil War

Under Charles I -- war between forces of the King (Cavaliers) & Parliament (Roundheads)

Charles agreed to accept:

Presbyterianism in England

victorious force

Oliver Cromwell (Puritan leader of Parliamentary forces) & the New Model Army

Atlantic Slave Trade

Europeans all vied (competed) for control of the ____________

“Middle Passage”

voyage across the Atlantic was termed:

Peace of Westphalia

(treaties) end the Thirty Year’s War

After the Thirty Year’s War

German areas were devastated

Interregnum

Cromwell’s rule aka the time between kings

the Restoration

In England -- Charles II had lived in exile in FR -- invited back to restore the English throne

Louis XIV

most effective system of Absolutism – France

Absolutism

all power concentrated in the hands of the ruler

no limits on the rulers power -- “responsible to God alone”

Mercantilism

goal: increase national wealth

encouraged Colonialism

necessary for Mercantilism:

state regulation of industry & commerce

Mercantilists believed in":

a finite amount of world wealth

increase precious metals (bullion) within a country

Louis XIV

the “Sun” King

Louis’ palace

Versailles

Louis XIV’s errors:

Absolutism -- misery of the 95%

Peter the Great

Russia -- St. Petersburg will be built from scratch (a “window on the sea” facing west)

“Westernize” Russia:

Peter implemented changes to …

Isaac Newton

Physics -- law of universal gravitation

Naturalism

a worldview -- only takes into account natural elements/forces – one level of reality

The Glorious Revolution

England -- acknowledged the supremacy of Parliament

The Enlightenment (aka the “Age of Reason”)

criticized monarchial/clerical absolutism

During the Enlightenment:

during the ______, human reason became the “best” method for learning truth (not revelation) -- God’s full sovereignty was rejected

John Locke

a clean slate or tabula rasa

Montesquieu

separation of powers

Voltaire

the “Father of the Enlightenment”

Jean Jacques Rousseau

general will : that which is best for the community

Adam Smith

the value of labor is in turn determined by market forces – by supply and demand

The War of Spanish Succession

the “balance of power” concept -- balance of power politics became the guiding principle of modern diplomacy

George I

Great Britain -- developing institution of the cabinet “Prime Minister”

Prussia

Hohenzollern dynasty

Prussia was:

ambitious and the most militaristic state in Europe

The Seven Year’s War

locations: North America, Europe & India

North America

France battled Britain for supremacy – the French & Indian War

Prussia was considered:

considered a major European power

Consequences of the Seven Year’s War:

the war drained the British treasury