Studied by 26 people
Cottage Industry
aka the “Domestic System” -- textiles were the first and main ____________
Deists
essentially established their own religion with “rational” ethics as its core
Great Britain
comprised of England, Scotland, and Wales
Holy Roman Empire
consisted mostly of German-speaking principalities
These nobles/areas belong to the ___ , but regard themselves as autonomous
Philosophes
FR word for “philosophers”
“philosophes” became…
engaged and agitated for change
Salons
evening receptions for discussions
Thomas Hobbes
author of Leviathan
The Leviathan:
people give their power to an absolute authority
United Kingdom
area of Great Britain with the inclusion of Ireland
Nicolaus Copernicus
asserted a sun-centered (hellocentric) view
Ivan IV, “The Terrible”
czarist autocracy (unlimited authority)
Charles I. (1st of Spain) & Charles V. (5th of HRE)
____ abdicates ; the Hasburg Empire was divided
Spain
Rule of Phillip II -- a zeal for Catholicism
England
Rule of Elizabeth I -- religious peace via the Elizabethan Settlement
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
SP’s Phillip II could regard military action as a holy crusade against the “heretical/illegitimate” queen
Elizabeth I
words at Tilbury
the Edict of Nantes
granted religious toleration/freedom for Huguenots
the Netherlands
also known as Holland
The “Low Countries”
Belgium, the Netherlands, & Luxembourg
James 1
In England, __ granted charters for the establishment of colonies in North America
The Dutch Republic
Dutch/Netherlands/Holland could be considered “cutting edge”
the Fluyt
a modern republic
The Dutch established…
a global trading network
the Dutch trading empire – locations:
East Indies: Indonesia
West Indies: Caribbean
The Dutch
a “Golden Age”
Thirty Years’ War
series of conflicts -- fought largely in Germany over religious, dynastic, & territorial concerns
Francis Bacon
inductive reasoning
Cardinal Richelieu
His principle: “Raison d’etat” or “Reason of State” – which supersedes any moral violations
Charles I
In England : dissolved Parliament numerous times and attempted to impose the Anglican Liturgy in Scotland
Galileo
silenced by the Inquisition
The English Civil War
Under Charles I -- war between forces of the King (Cavaliers) & Parliament (Roundheads)
Charles agreed to accept:
Presbyterianism in England
victorious force
Oliver Cromwell (Puritan leader of Parliamentary forces) & the New Model Army
Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans all vied (competed) for control of the ____________
“Middle Passage”
voyage across the Atlantic was termed:
Peace of Westphalia
(treaties) end the Thirty Year’s War
After the Thirty Year’s War
German areas were devastated
Interregnum
Cromwell’s rule aka the time between kings
the Restoration
In England -- Charles II had lived in exile in FR -- invited back to restore the English throne
Louis XIV
most effective system of Absolutism – France
Absolutism
all power concentrated in the hands of the ruler
no limits on the rulers power -- “responsible to God alone”
Mercantilism
goal: increase national wealth
encouraged Colonialism
necessary for Mercantilism:
state regulation of industry & commerce
Mercantilists believed in":
a finite amount of world wealth
increase precious metals (bullion) within a country
Louis XIV
the “Sun” King
Louis’ palace
Versailles
Louis XIV’s errors:
Absolutism -- misery of the 95%
Peter the Great
Russia -- St. Petersburg will be built from scratch (a “window on the sea” facing west)
“Westernize” Russia:
Peter implemented changes to …
Isaac Newton
Physics -- law of universal gravitation
Naturalism
a worldview -- only takes into account natural elements/forces – one level of reality
The Glorious Revolution
England -- acknowledged the supremacy of Parliament
The Enlightenment (aka the “Age of Reason”)
criticized monarchial/clerical absolutism
During the Enlightenment:
during the ______, human reason became the “best” method for learning truth (not revelation) -- God’s full sovereignty was rejected
John Locke
a clean slate or tabula rasa
Montesquieu
separation of powers
Voltaire
the “Father of the Enlightenment”
Jean Jacques Rousseau
general will : that which is best for the community
Adam Smith
the value of labor is in turn determined by market forces – by supply and demand
The War of Spanish Succession
the “balance of power” concept -- balance of power politics became the guiding principle of modern diplomacy
George I
Great Britain -- developing institution of the cabinet “Prime Minister”
Prussia
Hohenzollern dynasty
Prussia was:
ambitious and the most militaristic state in Europe
The Seven Year’s War
locations: North America, Europe & India
North America
France battled Britain for supremacy – the French & Indian War
Prussia was considered:
considered a major European power
Consequences of the Seven Year’s War:
the war drained the British treasury
Note 
Flashcard (26)