Untitled Flashcards Set

Justice

The idea of fairness and moral rightness, which influenced the Declaration of Independence.

Stoicism

A philosophy emphasizing 'living rightly' in accordance with nature.

Latin Influence

Many months and words in English have Latin prefixes.

Languages Related to Latin

Italian, Spanish, and French are closely related to Latin.

Roman Engineering

Roads and bridges connected Rome with its Empire.

Aqueducts

Structures built by Romans to carry water over long distances.

Cameos

A type of Roman sculpture that inspired American artists.

Fall of Rome (476 C.E.)

The last Roman king was driven from the throne by Germanic tribes.

Constantine's Capital Move

Constantine moved the capital 850 miles east, reducing Rome's importance.

Communication Delay

As the empire grew, it took weeks for the king to communicate with generals.

Urban Migration

Many Roman farmers moved to cities in search of work.

Praetorian Guard

The private army that often chose a new Roman emperor.

Protection of Borders

Provided security for the Roman Empire's territories.

Feudalism

A complex political and economic system that developed after the fall of Rome.

Horseback Troops

The Franks' new style of war contributed to their power.

Pope Leo III and Charlemagne

Crowned Charlemagne in return for support from the empire.

Charlemagne's Legacy

He is remembered for unifying nearly all Christian lands in Europe.

Vikings

Fierce warriors who instilled fear in the people of Europe.

Fief

Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.

Feudal Institutions

William the Conqueror introduced these to England.

Social Class

Determined mainly by nobility in the Middle Ages.

Medieval Ladies' Role

Responsible for raising and training children.

Pages and Squires

Boys in training to become knights.

Serfs' Duty

Required to work farms for the lord and pay rent.

Chivalry Characteristics

Loyalty, justice, fairness, and protection of the helpless.

New Farming Methods

Led to surplus crops, contributing to town growth.

Revival of Trade

Another reason contributing to the growth of towns.

Royal Charters

Purchased by towns to gain self-governing rights.

Guild's Customer Assurance

Ensured that customer complaints were addressed.

Occupation for Jews

Banking and money telling were more open to Jews than to Christians.

Girls' Education

Included cooking, cloth making, and home care skills.

Disease Causes in Towns

Rats, fleas, crowded and dirty living conditions.

Common Law Development

Evolved from the decisions of royal judges.

Medieval Games

Chess and checkers were popular.

Biblical Guilds

Most likely to present mystery plays, such as the Last Supper.

Battle of Crecy

An important event in France during the timeline.

Hundred Years' War

A significant conflict that included various events.

Henry II and Becket Conflict

Resulted from the event of 1164.

1429 vs 1346 Battle Outcome

Difference due to the French using more modern tactics.

Henry II Reform

Established a jury system for serious crime accusations.

Thomas Becket's Murder

Ordered by four knights to curry favor with the king.

Magna Carta Purpose

To limit the king's power and strengthen noble rights.

Habeas Corpus

Prevents indefinite jailing without a crime charge.

Model Parliament

Action by King Edward I that gave ordinary people a voice.

Political Changes and Feudalism

Magna Carta, diseases, and the Hundred Years' War weakened feudalism.

Bubonic Plague and Humanity

Dirty living conditions contributed to its spread.

Plague's Impact on Jews

Jews were wrongly accused of spreading the plague.

Plague and Common People's Power

Increased need for workers due to high mortality rates.

Hundred Years' War Advantages

Light armor and long-range bows helped the English win battles.