Sport and Exercise Psychology Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering personality, motivation, stress, anxiety, coaching, leadership, and mental health concepts from the lecture transcript.

Personality

The overall organization of a deeply ingrained set of psychological characteristics and habits that influence how we think, feel, and behave.

Disposition

A broad, pervasive, encompassing way of relating to particular types of people or situations.

Trait

A relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one’s personality, representing how you generally feel, think, and behave.

State

How you feel, think, and behave at this specific moment.

The ‘Big Five’ Trait Model

A pre-eminent theory in personality psychology consisting of five dimensions: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Psychological Core

The stable and constant part of a person often described as 'The real you.'

Harmonious Passion (HP)

Engaging in an activity as part of one's identity and personal enjoyment, leading to positive emotions and the ability to disengage.

Obsessive Passion (OP)

Rigid and uncontrolled urges to engage in an activity to avoid guilt, often leading to stress, hostile aggression, and an inability to disengage when injured.

Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP)

A multidimensional trait characterized by high performance standards and self-oriented achievement striving, often associated with adaptive functioning.

Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP)

A trait involving negative social evaluation, excessive self-criticism, concern over mistakes, and doubts about actions, often associated with poor outcomes.

Mental Toughness

Personality characteristics consisting of perseverance, presence, perspective, and preparation that allow individuals to cope with stress while remaining focused.

Motivation

Internal and/or external forces that produce the initiation (direction), intensity ($effort$), and persistence of behaviour.

Maintenance Stage (TTM)

A stage in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual has sustained regular exercise for $6+$ months.

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of actions required to produce given levels of attainment.

Task Goal Orientation

A mastery-based focus on self-improvement where perceived ability is not tied to normative social comparisons.

Ego Goal Orientation

A focus on normative social comparison and being better than others as the primary source of motivation.

Basic Psychological Needs Theory

A sub-theory of SDT suggesting that for intrinsic motivation, individuals must fulfill three needs: Competence, Autonomy, and Relatedness.

Primary Appraisal

An evaluation of 'what is at stake' for the athlete based on goals and values.

Secondary Appraisal

An evaluation of 'what can be done' by the athlete to manage a demand.

Problem-Focused Coping

Efforts directed at changing the situation that is causing stress.

Emotion-Focused Coping

Efforts directed at changing the emotional response to stress without changing the actual situation.

Cognitive Anxiety

The mental component of anxiety characterized by distressing thoughts, images, and disruption of cognitive processing.

Somatic Anxiety

The physical component of anxiety involving perceptions of body states and physiological responses to threatening situations.

Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)

A theory assuming every athlete has a specific 'optimal zone' of anxiety or arousal for ideal performance.

Choking

Acute significant decrements in performance that occur in situations of high pressure or anxiety.

Coaching Effectiveness

The consistent application of professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge to improve athlete outcomes like competence and character.

Hazing

Any potentially humiliating, degrading, or dangerous activity expected of a junior-ranking athlete by a senior teammate to be accepted as part of a team.

Transformational Leadership

A leadership style involving four 'I's: Idealized influence, Inspirational motivation, Individualized consideration, and Intellectual stimulation.

Role Ambiguity

The lack of clear understanding regarding the expectations and responsibilities associated with one’s position on a team.

Social Loafing

The reduction in individual effort when individuals work collectively compared to when they work alone.

Hedonic Well-being

An approach to well-being focused on pleasure, the absence of pain, and the acquisition of basic wants and needs in the present moment.

Eudaimonic Well-being

The pursuit of a virtuous and meaningful life focused on striving to realize one’s true nature and potential.

Activity

trait involving a general tendency for a fast lifestyle, high energy, fast talking, and keeping busy

agreeableness

Trait involving general compliance and a positive approach toward others.

alexithymia

The inability to identify one’s emotions and to describe these feelings.

competitiveness

desire to engage in and strive for successs

conscientiousness

trait comprising orderliness and striving for achievement and self-discipline

ethical principles

guidelines that shape professional judgement and behaviour

evaluative concerns perfectionism

characteristics associated with concerns over imperfection

excellencism

The tendency to pursue excellence in a manner that is effortful, flexible, and associated with increasing returns on investment. 

extraversion

Trait involving level of sociability, assertiveness, and an energetic approach to the world.

harmonious passion

Involves engaging in an activity with a sense of control, flexibility, and balance with the rest of one’s life.

industriousness-ambition

Trait comprising aspects of achievement/striving and self-discipline.

interactionist approach

Interplay between a person and the environment that determines specific behaviours of the individual.

mental toughness

A set of positive characteristics that allow the person to cope with challenging situations to attain important achievement goals.

neuroticism

Trait comprising feelings of tension and nervousness.

observational learning

learning through observing others’ behaviours

obsessive passion

Involves an overwhelming and all-consuming urge to engage in an activity.

openness to experience

Trait including level of curiosity, the opposite of being closed-minded.

perfectionism

A personality characteristic that reflects the tendency to strive for exceedingly high standards of performance in a manner that is relentless, overly self-critical, and central to one’s identity.

perfectionism paradox

The contention that, while success in high performance sport may appear to require perfection, athletes who actually endorse perfectionism are especially vulnerable to unhealthy, maladaptive, and self-defeating outcomes.

perfectionistic reactivity

A negative style of responding to adversity that is characteristic of perfectionism, that perpetuates and magnifies stress, and that inhibits both performance and well-being.

personal standards perfectionism

characteristics associated with aiming and striving for perfection

psychological states

momentary feelings and thoughts that change depending on the situation and time

risk taking

narrowing of the margin of safety, both physically and psychologically

sensation seeking

Seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take multiple risks for the sake of such experiences.

social learning theory

Theory that suggests people are active agents in shaping their behaviours, influenced by their inner drives and environments.

Type A personality

Blend of ambition, low patience, competitiveness, high organization, and hostility with agitated behaviour patterns.

Type D personality

Blend of worry, gloom, and lack of self-assurance as a cluster of traits used in medical psychology.