AP World Unit 6 Vocab

Afrikaners

South Africans descended from French/Dutch settlers of the 17th century, founded new settler colonies in the 19th century, minority but held political power

Held political power, settler colonies descendants of Dutch/French settlers, South African

Boers

Dutch settlers in South Africa (farmers)

Dutch farmers in South Africa

British Raj

Name for British colonial govt in India

British colonial govt India

Capitulations

Agreements with Europeans that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Ottoman Empire

Trade give ups (Ottoman) yay for others (Europeans)

Civil Service

Permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and politicians

Elite professional class of officials who administered the government of Brit. India

Extraterritoriality

Country's laws can be applied to its citizens outside of its borders

Citizen outside of country border applied law

Hegemony

Domination of one state or group over its allies

Military/political/economic dominance superiority of one state over another.

Khedives

Like viceroys of Egypt under Ottoman, hereditary title

Descendants of Muhammad Ali, expensive modernization Egypt, hereditary

Racism

Belief that one race is superior than others

One race better.

Sepoys

Indian troops serving in British army, defended entrepots and warehouses

Social Darwinism

Idea that social/racial differences determined morals/smart/destiny, justify Imperialism

Evolution "survival of the fittest" but to human societies.

Spheres of Influence

Region dominated and influenced by outside power

Region controlled and influenced by outside power

Treaty Ports

Ports in E. Asia opened to foreign trade because unequal treaties

Ports E. Asia because unequal treaties.

Charles Darwin (19th century)

Scientist who came up with evolution

Evolution science man.

Herbert Spencer

British philosopher/sociologist who applied evolution (survival of fittest) to human societies.

Social Darwinism man, took Darwin ideas and put racism/Imperialism in it

James Cook (18th century)

British navigator, claimed E. Coast of Australia for Brits, found Pacific Islands

Australia

Muhammad Ali

Albanian Ottoman soldier viceroy of Egypt, took Ottoman control away, modernized Egypt.

Viceroy and modernizer of Egypt under Ottomans.

Cecil Rhodes

Owner De Beers Diamonds, politician, expand British Empire from S. Africa to C. Africa (S. Rhodesia and N. Rhodesia- Zimbabwe and Zambia)

Business, politican, expand Brit S. Africa to C. Africa for a train.

King Leopold II (1880s)

Belgian King, opened up African interior to Europeans, slavery in Congo Free State

(1800s) Belgian king, slavery in Congo

Sultan Abdul Mejid I

Most successful Ottoman reform sultan

Ottoman sultan, tried reform ottoman with Tanzimar Reforms, Westernize

Tupac Amaru II

Mestizo/Incan led revolt in Peru beheaded by Spain

Incan led revolt Peru, killed by Spain

Al-Madhi

Sufi Mystic sent by Allah to purify Islam and defeat Christian British and Secular Egyptians

Sufi sent by Allah purify Islam, Mahdist revolts

Yaa Asantewa

Asante Queen led fight against British after son exiled

Warrior queen Asante War of Golden Stool

Emperor Menelik

(19th-20th century) fought Italians colonizing Ethiopia and won