sexual reproduction lecture terms and ideas for biol

testing if this works

reproduction

replication of DNA and transmitting it into the next offspring

asexual reproduction

• occurs through mitosis

• all prokaryotes reproduce asexually

• identical to parent

sexual reproduction

• occurs through meiosis

• creates genetic recombination

• genetically distinct from parents

• eukaryotes

what character defines the two biological sexes in all organisms

what gamete you make (egg or sperm)

haploid number (n)

how many distinct chromosomes are present

ploidy

the amount of copies of each chromosome

diploid (2n)

when you have two of each chromosome

what does it mean if you are haploid?

you only have one each type of chromosome, one allele of each gene

gamete

any cell that can fuse together to form a zygote (fertilization)

gamete (n) + gamete (n) =

zygote (2n)

mitosis (n → n)

cell replication for an identical

meiosis (2n → n)

cuts ploidy in half and recombines genes

diplontic life style

when you live/exist as a diploid

haplontic life cycle

the organism lives as a haploid

Alternation of Generations

has a phase of haplontic life and a phase of diplontic life

2n to n

meiosis

n to 2n

fertilization

what does mitosis produce

GAMETES

cost of meiosis

not having the opportunity to pass along all of your genes

why does sex persist?

• adapts to changing environments

• reduces deleterious mutations

why do we pay for the expensive cost of sex still

pathogens and parasites are harming us too often, sexual reproduction is creating more variation that can allow to survive

mutational meltdown (asexual organisms)

where a lineage goes extinct because deleterious mutations maintain throughout

2fold+ cost

its more than double the cost to sexually reproduce