DRRR FINALS EXAM

Hydrometeorological hazard

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

• Typhoon • Flood

• Thunderstorm

• Flashflood

• El Niño

• La Niña

• Coastal Storm Surges

TYPES OF HYDROMETEROLOGICAL HAZARD:

Typhoon

- A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and/or squalls

High Pressure

- Cold air

- Air gets denser and heavier

Low Pressure

- Warm air

- Air becomes less dense and lighter

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ

is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterized by convective activity which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas.

Public Storm Warning Signals

are raised to warn the public of incoming weather disturbances. Once a Storm Signal is raised, conditions are not yet necessarily felt in the given area.

Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorms are sometimes called thundershowers.

Lightning

Thunder is caused by what?

Flash Flood

is a flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, generally less than 6 hours.

Flooding

is a longer term event than flash flooding: it may last days or weeks

El Niño And La Niña

are a global climate phenomenon caused by cyclical shifts in the water temperature of the Pacific Ocean. While focused on a small section of the Pacific near the Equator, these shifts have global ramifications. They influence both temperature and rainfall.

El Niño

- is the warming phase of water temperatures around the Pacific Equator.

La Niña

an intensification of normal weather patterns. This causes ocean surface temperatures to cool down as winds strengthen and blow warm water towards the west.

Storm Surge

is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. The surge is caused primarily by a storm's winds pushing water onshore.

Man-Made Hazards

- events or conditions that are caused by human activities and have the potential to cause harm to people, property, or the environment

- often preventable or controllable

• Technological Hazards

• Sociological Hazards

• Environmental Hazards

Types of Man-Made Hazards:

Technological / Industrial Hazards

- Hazards originating from technological or industrial accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities.

Examples: fire, power outages, dam failure, transport accidents, infrastrature failure

Chernobyl Accident, 1986

was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the environment, with the deposition of radioactive materials in many parts of Europe.

Sociological Hazards

- Hazards due to sociological causes, also a sub-class of anthropogenic hazards. Sociological hazards include crime, terrorist threats and war.

Battle of Marawi

- In May 2017, Muslim militants acting in the name of the Islamic State (ISIS) seized Marawi, a lakeside economic hub in the Lanao del Sur province of Mindanao, the second-largest island in the Philippines. It took the Filipino military five months to regain control of the city

Environmental Hazards

are hazards that affect biomes or ecosystems.

Examples: oil spills, pollution, slash and burn deforestation, ground fissures, build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Guimaras Oil Spill

- On August 11, 2006, an oil spill occurred in Panay Gulf when the oil tanker, MT Solar 1, sank off the coasts of Guimaras and Negros in the Philippines, causing what is considered to be the worst oil spill in the country's history

• Awareness and education

• Policy and regulation

• Emergency response planning

• Technology and monitoring systems

Preparedness and Risk Reduction

Disaster

It is often described as a result of the combination of several things: the exposure to a hazard.

Prevention

- A pre-event element of DRR which is the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Response

- A post event element with the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster.

Adaptation

- A pre-event element which pertains to the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects.

Disaster risk reduction (DRR)

a term used for reducing and preventing disaster risks. It is founded on the principle that while hazards are inevitable, its adverse effects like lost lives and/or destruction of property are not.

What is the formula for calculating Disaster Risk?

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through analysis and management of the causal factors of disasters.

Prevention

- The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters

Mitigation

- The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters

Adaptation

The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm.

Preparedness

- The knowledge and capacities developed by professional response and recovery organizations, communities or individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts.

Response

The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”.

Recovery

- The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. The recovery task of rehabilitation and reconstruction begins soon after the emergency phase has ended, and should be based on pre-existing strategies and policies.

from citizens who must be empowered to make decisions which reduce risk, to political leaders, government institutions, the private sector, civil society organizations, professional bodies, and scientific and technical institutions.

Who are the responsible for disaster risk management?

- The Philippines

was first in Asia to have enacted its own law on disaster risk reduction and management through Republic Act No. 10121 or The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010.

Philippine Disaster Reduction And Management Act (Ra 10121)

- The Act shifted the policy environment and the way the country deals with disasters from mere response to preparedness.

Philippine Disaster Reduction And Management Act (Ra 10121)

RA 10121 provides a comprehensive, all-hazard, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk management through the formulation of the National Disaster Risk Management Framework.

• Local Government

• Community

• Civil Society

• National Government

Who Are Involved In Drrm As Mandated In The DRRM Act?