characteristics of living organisms (rote learn)

what are the 5 kingdoms

- plants

- animals

- fungi

- protoctists

- bacteria

which kingdoms are eukaryotic

plants, animals, fungi, protoctists

eukaryote

a type of cell that has a nucleus

prokaryote

a simple cell that does not have a nucleus - the DNA is free in the cytoplasm

are plants uni or multicellular

multicellular

what are plant's cell walls made from

cellulose

what do plants store carbohydrates as

sucrose or starch

examples of flowering plants

- cereals e.g maize

- herbaceous legumes e.g peas and beans

are animals multi or unicellular

multicellular

what do most animals have some type of and what does this mean

- nervous coordination

- means they can respond rapidly to changes in their environment

what can animals usually do

move around from one place to another

what do animals often store carbohydrate as

glycogen

examples of animals

- mammals e.g. humans

- insects e.g. houseflies and mosquitoes

are fungi usually multi or single celled

some are single-celled

what is the body of a multi-cellular fungi called and what is it made up of

- body called mycelium

- made up of hyphae (thread-like structures)

what does the hyphae contain

lots of nuclei

can fungi photosynthesise

no they do not have chloroplasts or chlorophyll

what are the cell walls of fungi made of

chitin

how do fungi feed

saprotrophic nutrition

saprotrophic nutrition

- secretion of extracellular enzymes

- into the area outside their body

- to dissolve their food

- so they can the absorb the nutrients

what do fungi store carbohydrate as

glycogen

example of single-celled fungi

yeast

example of multicellular fungi that has a mycelium and hyphae

mucor

are protoctists single or multicellular

single-celled

size of protoctists

microscopic

what 2 things can protoctists be like

- can have chloroplasts and be similar to plant cells

- others are more like animal cells

plant-cell like protoctist exmaple

chlorella

animal-cell like protoctist example and where does it live

amoeba (lives in pond water)

pathogenic example of a protocist and what does it cause

- plasmodium

- responsible for causing malaria

protoctist diagram

diagram added

are bacteria multi or single celled

single celled

size of bacteria

microscopic

do bacteria have a nucleus and if not what do they have instead

- no

- they have a circular chromosome of DNA

• extra bits of DNA in cytoplasm called plasmids also

what can some bacterium do

photosynthesise

how do most bacteria feed

off other organisms (both living and dead)

do bacteria contain plasmids and what are they

- yes

- extra bits of DNA

example of rod shaped bacteria and what is it used to do

- lactobacillus bulgaricus

- can be used to make milk go sour and turn into yoghurt

example of spherical bacteria and what does it cause

- pneumococcus

- acts as pathogen causing pneumonia

bacteria diagram

diagram added

what are viruses and are they bigger or smaller than bacteria

- particles rather than cells

- smaller than bacteria

how can viruses reproduce

only reproduce inside living cells

how is a virus an example of a parasite

it depends on another organism to grow and reproduce

what do viruses come in

loads of diff shapes and sizes

what do viruses infect

all types of living organisms

what do viruses have instead of a cellular structure

protein coat around some genetic material (either DNA or RNA

3 examples of viruses

- influenza virus (causes flu)

- tobacco mosaic virus

- HIV (causes AIDS)

what does tobacco mosaic virus do

make the leaves of tobacco plants discoloured by stopping them from producing chlorolats

virus diagram

diagram added

pathogen

organisms that cause disease

what do pathogens include

some fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses