AP World Unit 2- Networks of exchange

What were the Silk Roads known for trading?

Luxury goods (Porcelain, metal and textiles)

Where does the Silk Roads flow?

Eurasia

What cities were famously developed a long the Silk Roads?

Kashgar and Samarkan

Why were Kashgar and Samarkan good examples for city states flourishing?

They flourished because they had good water access and were right along the trade routes

What were Cravanserai and what were they used for?

Roadside inns for travelers and they could be used to exchange camels, ideas, religions and provided safety

What kind of currency was exchanged across the silk roads and why?

Paper money instead of gold because it was lighter and easier to carry

What kind of money inventions were exchanged through the silk roads?

Flying money, Bill of exchange, paper money

What is proto-industrialization?

When countries make a surplus of goods to sell to other countries to make money

How did disease spread throughout the trade routes?

Due to the tight living spaces and the big groups people would travel with along the trade routes 

How did the Mongols run their empire?

They hired other people to do the things they could not 

What is a Khanate?

Subsection or state of an empire

What method were the mongols famous for while fighting?

• Short bow

• Asian Steppes

• Highly mobile

• Lived in Yurts

• Traveled with horses

What were the three main Dynastys the Mongols controlled?

Yuan dynasty, Islamic world and the Russians

What were the main characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty

• Beijing

• Replaces the Song dynasty

• Relied on foreigners to rule merchants

Who was Kublai Khan and how did he impact the Yuan Dynasty?

He was the ruler of the Yuan dynasty and he was known for his religious tolerance, only if the rulers weren’t coerced into converting

What is the difference between the Yuan dynasty and the Il-Khanate?

The Yuan dynasty did not want intermarriage between the Mongols and the Chinese

The Il-Khanate didn’t seperate the Mongols and the Chinese and allowed for intermarriage and the mongols could convert to Islam

What are Characteristics of the Il-Khanate (Pros, cons)?

• Baghdad

• Pros: Wine and silk trade

• Cons: Extremely violent

Characteristics of the Russian Dynasty?

• Moscow

• Feudalism declines because of the Mongols

• Education increases under Mongol rule

• Proxy Rulers (Princes paid tribute)

Why did the Mongol Empire fall?

• Empire was too big

• Internal conflicts

• Dynasties divided

What are some long-term effects of Mongol rule?

• Pax Mongolica: Mongolian peace

• Cultural diffusion

• Knowledge spread

• Khanates emerged

• Disease spread

What were Swahili?

Important example of states of developing because of trade

What were Monsoon winds and what were its impacted?

• Seasonal winds

• Created diaspora communities

• Strong winds made travelling in opposition direction impossible

What were Diasporic communities?

When people would move away from their home town to another place because of trade or weather conditions (Monsoon winds)

What were the 5 Major empires that traded in the Indian Ocean?

1. Islam

2. East Africa

3. Song dynasty

4. Southeast Asia 

5. India

What are 3 main city-states that traded in the Indian Ocean?

1. Aden (Yemen)

2. Gujarat (India)

3. Malacca

• Converted to Islam

What was the causes of the expansion of the Trans-saharan trade route?

• Arabian camels

• Saddles

• Caravanserai

What important things did the Trans-Saharan trade?

• Gold

• Salt

What is the MOST important empire in Africa contributing to trade and where is it?

Mali Empire, West Africa, because they were right along the trade routes and had water and good soil for farming

What are some characteristics of the Mali Empire?

• Converted to Islam

• Connected to trade routes in the Dar Al islam

• LOTS of gold

• Taxed merchants to gain wealth

Who was Mansa Musa?

Mansa Musa was the King of Mali and is famous from his pilgrimage to mecca

What impact did Mansa Musa have on the Trans-saharan trade route?

He traded tons of gold which lowered Value but did increase trade because other places wanted their abundance of gold

Who was Ibn Battuta?

Explorer who documented his journeys around the Islamic world and beyond

Who was Margery Kempe?

Wrote about medieval women and the holy landW

Who was Marco Polo?

Traveller who went to china and traveled along the silk roads, writing about what he saw

Who is Zheng He?

Islamic traveller who went across the south China sea

Why was it important for people to document their adventures and what they saw across the world?

With things getting written down, people from other countries could see how others were developing and how things worked for others.

What is syncretism?

The combination of different cultures or religions

Why was Islam able to spread faster along trade routes than Buddhism and Hinduism?

It was polytheistic and encouraged wealth and trading between empires

What is the Gisia tax?

People who practiced Islam would not be taxed while other religions would be taxed

How did the Gisia tax affect the trade routes?

It convinced people to convert to Islam to gain more access and not be taxed 

What are environmental pros of connectivity?

• Crops spread

• Population increases

What are some environmental cons of connectivity?

Pathogens spread (Black death)