Studied by 22 people
vocab quiz - 2/24/25
Social script
a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
Mere exposure effect
the tendency for repeated exposure to novel stimuli to increase our liking of them
Passionate love
an aroused state of intense positive absorption to another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship
Companionate love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Self-disclosure
the act of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others
Altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those needing their help
Conflict
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Social trap
a situation in which two parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Mirror-image perceptions
mutual views often held by conflicting parties, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
Self-fulfilling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
Superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
GRIT
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
Personality
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Psychodynamic theories
theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious mind and the importance of childhood experiences
Psychoanalysis
(1) Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Unconscious
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, feelings, wishes, and memories. according to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
Free association
in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Id
a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. the id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
Ego
the partly conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. the ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Superego
the partly conscious part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
Defense mechanism
in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
