Studied by 7 people
Poll
The occipital protrusion at the back of the head, immediately behind/between the ears
Crest
The region of the neck where hair grows
Withers
the highest part of the back at the base of an animal's neck
Mane
region of long, coarse hair at the dorsal border of the neck and terminating at the poll
forelock
hair growing (or falling) over the forehead
Croup
refers specifically to the topline of the horse's hindquarters and surrounding musculature
Dock
solid part of the tail
Loin
the sides between the lower ribs and pelvis, and the lower part of the back
Flank
on the rear part of the animal, just in front of the hind legs. It is the fleshy area between the last rib and the hind leg
Throat latch
the part between the neck and the cheek
Point of Hip
Ilium
Stifle
Joint involving the femur, tibia and patella
Knee
The carpus
Elbow
The elbow joint is the articulation between the humeral condyle, trochlear notch of the ulna and the radial head.
Cannon
Large metacarpal or metatarsal bone (3rd metacarpal with 2nd and 4th metacarpals as the splint bones)
Pastern
area of the limb between the fetlock and hoof
Gaskin
the muscular part of the hind leg between the stifle and the hock.
Barrel
capacity of the chest or trunk
Coronet band
the cuticle of the hoof, from which the hoof wall is generated
Chin groove
the part of the horse's head behind the lower lip and chin
Ergot
small keratinized mass of horn in a small bunch of hair on the palmar or plantar aspects of the fetlock
Fetlock
Joint between cannon bone (large metacarpal/metatarsal) and the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals (green arrow)
Caudal hook
Appears on the upper I3 incisor at the caudoventral aspect of the incisor. Is not always prominent.
Galvayne's groove
Is a mark on the labial surface of upper I3 incisor used to determine age
At what age do you see the caudal hook?
7 years old
At what age does Galvayne's groove appear?
10 years old
At what age is Galvayne's groove halfway down the tooth?
15 years old
At roughly what age does Galvayne's groove extend the entire length of the tooth?
20 years old
Permanent incisor I1 erupts at what age?
2.5 years
Permanent incisor I2 erupts at what age?
3.5 years
Permanent incisor I3 erupts at what age?
4.5 years
The canines C1 erupt at what age?
4-5 years old
When does the wolf tooth erupt? (P1)
5-6 months old
When does P2 erupt?
2.5 years
When does P3 erupt?
3 years
When does P4 erupt?
4 years
When does M1 erupt?
1 year old
When does M2 erupt?
2 years old
When does M3 erupt?
3.5-4 years old
Curry comb
Type of brush you would use if you wanted to get dirt out of the horses' coat.
Dandy brush
a hard bristled brush that is used to help remove dirt
Body brush
Soft-bristled brush used to remove dust and light dirt
Mane and tail brush
used to detangle the mane and tail; care should be taken to not pull out or break off the horse's tail hair
Hoof pick
equipment used to remove rocks and debris from horse hooves
Crownpiece, headpiece
The part of the headcollar that fastens over the top of the head, behind the ears.
Bit
Metal part of the horse's tack that is inserted into the mouth
Throatlatch
bridle part that connects the bridle to the head located under the horse's throat
connecting strap
Part of the head collar that attaches the noseband and crownpiece (5)
Noseband
Piece of the bridle/head collar that encircles the muzzle, attached to the cheekpieces
Tie ring
6 - part of the head collar/bridle used to attach the lead rope
Lead rope
piece of rope, leather, or nylon that is attached via a clasp to a halter
Cheekpiece
Strap on the bridle/head collar connecting the crownpiece with the noseband +/- bit
Where might you obtain a small blood sample if you don't want to use the jugular vein?
Transverse facial venous sinus
Where can you locate the digital pulse in a horse's foreleg?
Palmolateral aspect of the fetlock at the level of the proximal sesamoid bones
What are the landmarks of the IM injection in the horse?
1. nuchal ligament
2. cranial border of the scapula
3. cervical vertebrae
Which of these is one of the landmarks for thoracic auscultation?
Caudal border of the scapula down to the olecranon
Which of these is a landmark for thoracic auscultation in the horse?*
Caudodorsal border of the 18th rib*
Where do you hear the caecal flush?
Right dorsocranial paralumbar fossa
What is the normal rectal temperature of the adult horse? (Fahrenheit)
99.5-101.3
What is the normal respiration rate of the horse? (breaths per minute)
8-16
What is the normal heart rate of the horse? (bpm)
28-44
Where is the only easily palpable lymph node in the healthy horse?
submandibular lymph node
What method is used to get an estimate of a horse's weight?
girth tape
If a horse is displaying inspiratory effort - is the problem intrathoracic or extrathoracic?
extrathoracic
If a horse is displaying expiratory effort - is the problem intrathoracic or extrathoracic?
intrathoracic
Why might you use a rebreather bag?
To stimulate the horse to take deeper breaths
Which locations on the horse do you assess to perform a body condition score on the horse?
Behind the shoulder
Ribs at mid-barrel
Crest of neck
Withers
Crease of the back
Tail head
What is a simple way of checking perfusion?
Capillary refill time
What is the toxic line an indicator of?
Endotoxaemia
Where is the facial venous sinus located?
Ventral to the facial crest, at the level of the eye
Where is the facial artery located?
Ventral ramus of the mandible
Where is the transverse facial artery located?
In a horizontal depression about 1 inch caudal to the lateral canthus of the eye and just below the zygomatic arch
What is a normal temperature in a horse in degrees Celsius?
37.5 - 38.5
What is borborygmi?
a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines
How frequently should you hear borborygmi?
1-3 per minute
A positive digital pulse in one foot is indicative of what?
Localised inflammation
A positive digital pulse in all four feet is indicative of what?
Generalised inflammation
You can feel the digital pulse laterally and medially - true or false?
True
Finding mucous in the urine of the horse is normal or abnormal?
Normal
What is the main difference between the liver of a horse and that of a dog?
Horses don't have a gallbladder
How frequently should you pick a horse's feet?
Daily
Roughly how frequently should you trim unshod feet?
every 6-8 weeks
Roughly how frequently should you trim shod feet?
every 4-6 weeks
Timothy, Bermuda, Teff, Eragrostis are types of what?
Grass hay
Alfalfa, Lespedeza, Clover are types of what?
Legume hay
What is anisognathism?
The upper jaw is wider than the lower jaw
Equine teeth are
hypsodont
A young horses teeth should be checked about ______ per year
once
attenuated vaccine
vaccine composed of a weakened form of the pathogen that is generally unable to cause disease
Toxoid vaccines
chemically or thermally modified/inactivated toxins used to stimulate active immunity
Inactivated vaccines
Pathogen has been completely killed. Frequently requires boosters.
Name the core vaccines recommended by the AAEP
Rabies
Tetanus
West Nile Virus
Western Equine Encephalitis virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus
Which vaccines other than the core vaccines are necessary for competing horses?
Equine herpesvirus (Rhinopneumonitis)
Equine Influenza
Rabies virus
Causes a progressive encephalomyelitis
What do you do when a previously vaccinated horse is exposed to rabies?
Re-vaccinate and monitor for 45 days
Tetanus is caused by which organism
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium tetani is what kind of organism?
anaerobic spore forming bacteria
How frequently do you vaccinate an adult horse against tetanus, with no vaccine history?
twice, 4-6 weeks apart, then annually
What is the tetanus vaccine schedule for a foal with an unvaccinated mother?
3 doses, starting at 1-4 months old, 4 week interval
What is the tetanus vaccine schedule for a foal with a vaccinated mother?
3 doses, starting at 4-6 months old, 4-6 week interval, last dose at 10-12 months.
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