Aerobic Respiration

cellular respiration

cells convert glucose into energy (ATP) using oxygen (or without it during glycolysis)

metabolism

the chemical reactions in a living thing that convert food (glucose) into energy (ATP).

aerobic

involving oxygen

anaerobic

without oxygen

glycolysis inputs

glucose, 2 ATP, 4 ADP, and 2 NAD+

glycolysis outputs

2 pyruvate, 2 ADP + 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

transition reaction inputs

2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, and 2 CoA

transition reaction outputs

2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, and 2 CO2

krebs cycle inputs

2 acetyl-CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, and 2 ADP + 2P

krebs cycle outputs

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2

electron transfer cycle inputs

10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 oxygen, 32 or 34 ADP

electron transfer cycle outputs

32 or 34 ATP, 6 H2O, NAD, FAD, H+

how much ATP is generated in the electron transfer cycle?

30-32 molecules

what is the only anaerobic process of cellular respiration?

glycolysis

where does glycolysis occur

in the cytoplasm

where does the transition reaction & krebs cycle occur

in the mitochondrial matrix

what is the mitochondria’s cristae

folds of the membrane jutting into the matrix

what is the mitochondria’s matrix

innermost compartment filled with gel-like fluid

where does the electron transfer cycle occur

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

oxygen

how many times does the krebs cycle occur? (per glucose molecule)

2

what forms when hydrogen ions travel the electrochemical gradient in the cristae of mitochondria?

ATP

what is chemiosmosis

process of an H+ gradient storing energy to drive ATP synthesis

what is ATP synthase

enzyme that makes ATP from ADP

purpose of glycolysis

breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate

purpose of link reaction

reduces 2 pyruvate into acetyl coa

purpose of krebs cycle

after acetyl-coa enters, glucose is fully broken down to carbon dioxide

purpose of electron transport chain

electron transport is coupled with ATP synthesis

purpose of oxygen during the krebs cycle

oxygen accepts H from NADH to turn into NAD, so if no O, there is no NAD for krebs cycle or electron

oxidative phosphorylation

inorganic phosphate added to ADP, powered by redox reactions of ETC

substrate-level phosphorylation

enzyme transfers phosphate group from substrate molecule to ADP, occurs during glycolysis and krebs cycle

cytochromes

protein electron carriers: the final passes electrons to oxygen

what is the direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells

the proton-motive force (H+ gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane