carbohydrates and lipids

Which polysaccharide can humans not digest?

Cellcuose ( B-glu linkage)

What are waxes ?

They are lipids that are hydrophobic solids at room temperature and are long fatty acid chains

What is a bilayer ?

2 layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads that face heads outward

What are Micelle?

They are tiny circular structures that form when soap or detergent mixes with water and they are hydrophilic with their tails inside and their heads outside.

What is hydrogenation

Breaking double carbon bonds c=c by adding hydrogen H atoms and creating a solid form of liquid fat

What is saturated?

All the bonds are Single carbon bonds c-c

What is unsaturated?

Has one or more double bonds between carbon 1+ or more

What is polysaturated?

Has two or more double carbon bonds 2+ C=C

What are some traits of carbs?

their polar and are used for energy

What is condensation reaction?

Where a monosaccharide 1 turns into a Disaccharide by two molecules joining each other

What can cellulose be found in?

Plants!

Glycogen is composed of what?

It is excess glucose in our systems and is normally alpha a1-4 GL (glycolytic linkage) with branching of Alpha a 1-6 G L

sucrose is composed of what?

It is alpha a-glu 1-2 G L

Lactose is composed of what?

Beta 1-4 GL ( Glycostatic linkage)

Amylopectin composed of what.

a-glu 1-4 glycolytic linkage (GL) and (glycolytic linkage) and a-glu 1-6 GL

What is a triglyceride?

It has three layers of fatty acid chains and then a circle glycerol through an ester link

What are the four families of lipids?

1. Fatty acids

2. Phospholipids

3. Steroids

4. Waxes

Maltose is composed of what?

alpha a-glu 1-4GL

Types of saccharides?

Trioses 3 carbons , pentoses 5 carbons, and hexoses 6 carbons

What is a monosaccharide?

1 sugar

What is a disaccharide?

2 sugars

What is a polysaccharide?

Many sugars

Amylose and amylopectin can be found in what?

Plants

What is amylose

Is a straight chain that that coils into a helix shape and consists of a-glu 1-4 GL

Amylopectin

A branch chain That contains a-glu 1-4 GL and a 1-6

Explain the structure of starch and what it is composed

Starch consists of Amylopectin and amylose. the structure is polysaccharide linked by excess glucose in plant.

What are fatty acids composed of?

Hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group

What happens to excess carbs and where is the product store?

Either in your liver or muscles an excess carbs turn into fat

Are lipids, polar, or Nonpolar?

They are hydrophobic because they don’t like water so they are nonpolar

Where can glycogen be found in??

Animals.

Phospholipid

The head contains phosphate and Cholen The middle contains glycerol and the tails contain two fatty acids.

A Glucose + A glucose

Maltose

a glucose + a fructose

Sucrose

A galactose + a glucose

Lactose

Compare and contrast starch and cellulose

Starch: a-glucose, humans can digest, stored in plant cell walls, chains are coiled.

Cellulose: b-glucose, humans can not digest, stored in plants, chains are straight.

2 similarities between all lipids

Hydrophobic and non-polar

Compare and contrast triglyceride and phospholipids

Triglyceride: a lipid made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, hydrophobic, energy storage

Phospholipid: a lipid made up of glycerol and two fatty acids, also hydrophobic, makes membranes

What are isomer

They are molecules with the same chemical formula the same number of atoms, but on a different structural arrangement.

How are saccharides classified?

By the number of carbon atoms in their branch

How is glycogen similar and different to Amylopectin

They both have a 1-6 GL but glycogen has more branches

What is a fat?

That is a lipid made up of fatty acids and glycerol

What is cellulose composed of?

It is a polymer composed of beta glucose

What are microfibrils Long straight chains of hydrogen bonds

Long straight chains of hydrogen bonds.

What is a hydrolysis ?

I Chemical reaction where water is used to break down a bond (hydro =water) and (lysis = to spits)