Election of 1824, Indian Removal, Nullification Crisis, Abolition Movement, Mexican-American War, Gold Rush

McCulloch v. Maryland 1819

Increase power of federal government over states; federal government has more control over the economy

Worcester v. Georgia 1832

Marshall court rules forced removal of Cherokee is unconstitutional; Jackson ignores ruling

Election of 1828

Jackson portrays Adams as out-of-touch elite, presents himself as a 'common man'

Mass Politics

Jackson's victory paves way for candidates appealing to needs and wants of majority

Spoils System

Jackson rewards political supporters with cabinet positions

Nullification

Theory that states can declare federal laws unconstitutional; Tariff of Abominations

Henry Clay

Brokers compromise to lower tariff over 10 years; pioneer of nullification

Nullification Crisis

State's Rights vs. Federal Authority; increasing sectionalism

Force Act, 1833

Allows federal government to use army and navy to collect taxes

Bank of the United States

Jackson vetoes recharter; undermines bank with pet banks

Whig Party

Formed by Clay and Quincy Adams; opposes Jackson's concentration of power

Martin Van Buren

Jackson's VP; wins election against Whigs

Second Great Awakening

Rejection of predestination; emphasis on self-reliance and civic virtue

Transcendentalism

Philosophical and literary movement emphasizing simple life, optimism, and self-reliance

Dorothea Dix

Advocates for rehabilitating mentally ill; pushes for public hospitals

Horace Mann

Develops public education, teacher training programs, and curriculum reform

Slave Conspiracies

Gabriel's Conspiracy 1800; Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy 1822

Task System

Labor system in upper South; slaves work until daily task is finished

Gang System

Labor system in deep South; slaves work in large gangs managed by overseers

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Turner leads enslaved African Americans in revolt, killing 60 whites; strengthens South's resolve to defend slavery

Abolition Movement

Opposition to slavery; William Lloyd Garrison, David Walker, Maria Stewart

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slave, abolitionist, writer, and speaker; publishes The North Star

Underground Railroad

Network of secret pathways to help slaves escape to freedom; led by Harriet Tubman

Women's Reform Movements

Active participation in abolition, temperance, education, and healthcare

Texas-Mexico Tensions

Cultural differences and slavery disputes lead to rebellion

Manifest Destiny

Belief in U.S. destiny to expand westward and southward

Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson; Jackson wins popular vote, Adams wins electoral college

Corrupt Bargain

Henry Clay convinces congressmen to vote for Adams in exchange for Secretary of State position

Indian Removal

Jackson's belief in moving Native Tribes off their land to make way for white settlers; Indian Removal Act 1830

Mexican-American War

Conflict over Texas autonomy and territorial aspirations; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Gold Rush

Discovery of gold in California leads to mass migration and economic boom