Clinical Rotation III: Self Study

The duplication of the uterus with a common cervix is

bicornuate uterus

A blood-filled vagina and uterus is known as

hematometrocolpos

An anomaly of the uterus in which only one horn develops is

unicornuate uterus

A fluid-filled vagina is

hydrocolpos

A complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina is

didelphys uterus

In this condition, blood may be seen in the cervix and uterine cavities

vaginal atresia

the “cigar”-shaped uterus that is deviate to one side is

unicornuate uterus

Early in development, both sexes appear similar until the ___ week of gestation

9

These ducts form most of the female genital tract

paramesonephric

In the newborn female, the uterus is prominent with a

thickened hyperechoic endometrial lining

The uterus is supplied by the

uterine arteries

The fundus: cervix ratio in a 10-year-old child is

1:1

Congenital anomalies of the uterus have a high association of

renal anomalies

Types of mullerian abnormalities include all except which of the following?

improper location of the vagina

The upper third of the vagina and uterus are derived from the embryonic

both a and b (paramesonephric ducts and mullerian ducts)

The most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is

congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia

The cranial parts of the paramesonephric ducts form the

uterine tubes

A congenital anomaly of the uterus in which two closely spaced uterine cavities are seen with only one fundus is a

septate uterus

A differential diagnosis of an ovarian teratoma may include

appendicitis

This uterine condition has the highest incidence of fertility problems

septate uterus

The bilobed uterine cavity with wide-spaced cavities and low incidence of fertility complications is

bicornuate uterus

Ovarian size in the neonate to postpuberty female is most accurate using

ovarian volume

Congenital uterine anomalies occur in approximately ___% of females

0.5

Errors in sexual development result in

ambiguous genitalia

There is a high incidence of larger ovarian cysts in infants of mothers with all except

DES exposure

What is the physiologic status of prepuberty

premenarche

This muscle is best imaged in a transverse plane with a caudal angulation at the most superior aspect of the bladder

levator ani

What muscle group may be seen in the false pelvis along the lateral sidewall of the pelvis

iliopsoas

This ligament contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves

broad ligament

The ligament that occupies space between the layers of another ligament and occurs in front and below the fallopian tube is the

round ligament

Bending forward of the fundus and body of the uterus is called

anteflexion

The normal size of the menarchal uterus should measure

8 cm long x 4 cm wide

The superficial layer of glans and stroma of the endometrium is called the

zona funtionalis

The structure that lies above the uteroovarian ligament, round liagment, and tuboovarian vessels is the

fallopian tube

The ovary produces two hormones. Estrogen is secreted by ___, whereas progesterone is secreted by the ___.

follicles; corpus luteum

The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is

ovulation

The vagina has two sources of blood supply:

uterine artery and vaginal artery

the ovary receives its primary blood supply from the

ovarian artery

The widest portion of the fallopian tube is the

ampulla

The blood supply to the fallopian tube is received by

ovarian artery

Which of the following about ovaries is false?

the ovaries are attached at the anterior aspect of the broad ligament

The left ovarian vein drains into the

left renal vein

The ovaries are supported laterally by the

suspensory ligaments

A mature follicle is known as a ___ follicle

graafian

A mature follicle typically is ___ cm in size right before ovulation

2.0

The endometrium demonstrates a “three-line” sign in the

proliferative phase

The retrouterine space is also known as

posterior cul-de-sac

The pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is

space of retzius

Abnormally heavy or long menses is termed

menorrhagia

A continuation of the broad ligament that provides support to the cervix is the

cardinal ligament

Clinical signs of a 32-year-old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examinations and a history of cyclic profuse, prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represents

leiomyoma

The most common site for a leiomyoma to occur is

intramural

Complications in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located

near the cervix

Hydrometra appears sonographically as

sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal

A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as

adenomyosis

A hyperplastic protrusion of the the epithelium of the cervix; may be broad based or pendunculated

cervical polyps

The most common sonographic finding in endometrial carcinoma

Presents with abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity; usually presents with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in the

cervix

An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal is most likely a result of

cervical stenosis

The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all except which of the following?

family history

Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding

submucosal

The most common cause of uterine calcification is

myomas

On ultrasound, the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is

heterogenous

Which of the following statements about adenomyosis is false

ectopic tissue arises from stratum functionalism of the endometrium

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

involves the myometrium

The endometrium should be measured from

hyperechoic layer to hyperechoic layer

Endometrial hyperplasia develops from

unopposed estrogen stimulation

A 3-day postpartum woman complains of intense pelvic pain. Sonographically, the uterus appears hypoechoic with an irregular endometrium. This most likely represents

endometritis

In postmenopausal patients, an endometrial thickness of less than ___mm excludes endometrial abnormality

5

Only ___% of women with postmenopausal bleeding have endometrial carcinoma

10

Patients on tamoxifen have an increased risk of

all of the above

A 28-year-old woman presents with left lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Sonographically, the uterine body displays a highly echogenic structure is the endometrial cavity. This most likely represents

IUD

Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as

metrorrhea

Where might you find a Gartner’s duct cyst

vagina

In a posthysterectomy patient, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed ___cm

2

A small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen

corpus luteum cyst

A benign adenoma containing multiple small cysts is a/an

cystadenoma

A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is a

dermoid

The dermoid tumor typically is associated with which ultrasound sign

tip of the iceberg

A ___ cyst occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating and remains active although immature

follicular cyst

The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is a

corpus luteal cyst

A mucinous cystadenoma is all except which of the following

Thick with irregular walls and septations

What statement about Meige’s syndrome is false

It is associated with theca lutein cysts

Which of the following is a localized tumor of endometriosis most frequently found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, retrovaginal septum, and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus

endometrioma

The normal ovary has a

homogenous texture

Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal woman are not likely malignant when measuring less than ___cm

5

Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all except which of the following

posterior shadowing

An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is ___ the size of the contralateral ovary

twice

Which statement about polycystic ovarian syndrome is false

it occurs in the mid to late thirties

In PCOS, the ovaries have a/an ___ shape

rounded

Paraovarian cysts arise from the

broad ligament

A specific diagnosis of paraovarian cyst is made possible only by

demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst

Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is

limited to the pelvis

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is a/an

dermoid

This rare benign ovarian neoplasm is most often seen in postmenopausal women

thecoma

A common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus

endometriosis

Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis defines

ovarian torsion

Which of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false

the left ovary is three times more likely yo torose than the right

Which pelvis organ is more involved with metastatic disease

ovary

Which of the following is an endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation

PCOS