NUR 1125 EXAM 4 Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Menopause, Sexual Dysfunction, Immunity, Infection, Antibiotic Pharmacology, Violence, Family Dynamics, and Fractures based on the NUR 1125 Study Guide.

Perimenopause

The time before one full year without a period, characterized by declining or erratic estrogen and symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and dyspareunia.

Menopause

The point reached after no menstrual period for $12$ consecutive months, occurring at an average age of $52$.

ACHES

A mnemonic for serious side effects of HRT or birth control that must be reported immediately: Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Headache, Eye problems, and Severe leg pain.

Osteoporosis

A condition where bone resorption exceeds formation, resulting in porous and fragile bones; risk factors include being postmenopausal, small frame, and long-term steroid use.

Alendronate (Fosamax)

A bisphosphonate that must be taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with a full glass of plain water, requiring the patient to sit upright for at least $30$ minutes.

Primary amenorrhea

A clinical term for an adolescent who has never menstruated by the age of $16$.

Menorrhagia

Heavy menstrual bleeding.

Metrorrhagia

Menstrual bleeding that occurs between periods.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful periods typically treated with NSAIDs to decrease prostaglandins via COX inhibition.

Sildenafil (Viagra)

A PDE-5 inhibitor that is contraindicated with nitrates because the combination causes severe, life-threatening hypotension.

Cystitis

An infection of the bladder (lower UTI) characterized by dysuria, frequency, and urgency; typically treated with oral antibiotics.

Pyelonephritis

An infection of the kidney (upper UTI) characterized by flank pain, fever, chills, and a positive CVAT; requires longer courses of IV antibiotics.

Pyridium (Phenazopyridine)

A urinary analgesic used to treat pain and burning symptoms of a UTI; it does not treat the infection and turns urine orange.

Reye Syndrome

A rare, potentially fatal condition linked to giving aspirin to children or teens during a viral illness.

Macrolide

A class of antibiotics including Azithromycin and Erythromycin; associated with the 'CLOG' side effects: Cardiac (prolonged QT), Liver toxicity, Ototoxicity, and GI upset.

Aminoglycosides

Antibiotics such as Gentamicin and Tobramycin that are ototoxic, nephrotoxic, and fetotoxic (contraindicated in pregnancy).

Red Man Syndrome

A reaction characterized by flushing caused by infusing the glycopeptide Vancomycin too quickly.

Fluoroquinolones

Antibiotic class including Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin that carries a black box warning for tendon rupture and cartilage damage in children.

SANE Nurse

A Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner certified to collect forensic evidence and provide trauma-informed care.

Rape Trauma Syndrome: Acute Phase

A phase following assault where expressive styles vary from open (crying, anger) to controlled (numb, shock) or compound reactions.

Nuclear family

A family structure consisting of two parents and their children living in one household.

Triangulation

A dysfunctional communication pattern where a third person is pulled into a conflict instead of addressing the issue directly between two people.

The Joint Commission (TJC)

An independent, nonprofit accrediting body that creates the National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) annually to improve healthcare safety.

QSEN

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses; an initiative to build knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) across six competencies including Safety, Informatics, and Patient-Centered Care.

Compartment Syndrome

A medical emergency characterized by the 6 P's (Pain, Pallor, Pulses, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia); pain out of proportion to the injury is the earliest sign.

Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)

A complication occurring $12-48$ hours after a long bone or pelvic fracture, presenting with respiratory symptoms first, followed by neuro changes and a petechial rash.