Feline infectious diseases vaccines part 1

Feline viral Rhinotracheitis responsible for what percent up URI

responsible for 40% of respiratory infections in cats

FVR Etiology and Pathogenesis

what is it caused by

Enveloped or non eveloped

What type of infections

How long is infection

what type of shedding

Caused by feline herpes virus 1

Enveloped

Latent infections

One infected always infected

periodic bouts of recrudescence

periodic or continuous shedding

FVR transmission

Shed in oral and oculonasal secretions

• Very common in shelters!

• Latently infected cats likely to have

reactivation of infection

• Kittens of carrier queens may develop

subclinical infections

FVR clinical signs

Fever

• Sneezing

• Rhinitis

• Inappetence

• Hypersalivation

• Conjunctivitis

• Ocular/nasal discharge

• Dendritic corneal ulcersFever

FVR diagnosis

Signalment

History

Clincal signs

FVR treatment

Symptomatic & supportive

Antibiotics, ophthalmic ointment, antivirals

(Dont use steriods on ulcers or it will melt)

FVR control

Vaccination (combo) reduces clinical signs

Proper husbandry techniques

• Disinfection

• Isolation

Feline Calicivirus is responsible for what percent of URI

40%

All feline species are susceptible

High degree of antigenic drift

FCV etiology and pathogenisis

Small, non enveloped virus

Stable in environment

• Resistant to disinfectants

• Replicates in oropharynx

• Travels to conjunctiva & URT

• Typically occurs @ 2-3 months

• Severity related to virulence

FCV transmission

Shed in oculonasal secreations

Some can be lifelong carriers

Common in overcrowded populations

Fomites

FCV clinical signs

1. Fever, oculonasal discharge conjunctiva

2. Hallmark signs: oral erosions and ulcerations

3. High morbidity, low mortality

FCV Virulent strain

High mortality in adults

Short-lived outbreaks

URD more severe

Vaccine not protective

FCV Diagnosis and treatment

Signalment, history, and clinical signs

Symptomatic and supportive care

Systemic antibiotics

antivirals

FCV Control

Vaccnination (combo)

Disinfection

Isolation

Feline Panleukopenia (feline distemper but caused by parvo virus)

Aka: Feline infectious enteritis, Feline distemper

• Highly contagious

• Potentially fatal

• Most feline species of any age susceptible

• Rarely diagnosed due to vaccines

Feline panleukopenia etiology

Etiology

• Caused by a Parvo virus (NOT a distemper

virus...)

• Small, non-enveloped viruses

• VERY stable in environment

• Resistant to many disinfectants

• Inactivated by bleach

Feline Panleukopenia Pathogenesis

Affinity for rapidly dividing cells

• Intestinal crypt cells & lymphopoietic

cells of bone marrow

• Intestinal villous atrophy

• Transplacental infection cerebellar

hypoplasia & retinal dysplasia

• Cerebellar Hypoplasia (smaller size)

Video of cat that cannot walk/ unbalanced

Feline Panleukopenia Transmission

Fecal oral and aerosolized droplets

Fecal shedding continues weeks after recovery

Fleas and humans are vectors/ fomites

Feline Panleukopenia Clinical Signs

Mortality rate 25-90%

• Most deaths occur 3-5 days after

onset of illness

4 possible presentations: Know these

1. Subclinical (most infections)

2. Peracute

3. Subacute

4. Acute

What would subclinical infection look like in Feline panleukopenia

mild fever and

leukopenia followed by lifelong

immunity

What would peracute infection look like in feline panleukopenia

The kitten may die with

no symptoms (fading kitten)

What would subacute infection look like in feline panleukopenia

depression, fever, & diarrhea of 1-3 days followed by rapid recovery

What would acute infection look like in feline panleukopenia

Depressed

• Anorexic

• Febrile (104-107°F)

• Vomiting/diarrhea (within two days)

• Severe dehydration

• Hypothermia

• Septic shock

Feline Panleukopenia Diagnosis

Signalment, history, clinical signs

• Leukopenia (particularly neutrophils)

• Canine parvovirus test kits (ELISA test)

can be used

• Many false negatives

• Necropsy

Feline Panleukopenia Treatment

Aggressive IVF

• Whole blood/plasma transfusion

• Broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics

• Nutritional support (parenteral in severe cases)

Feline Panleukopenia control

accination (combo)

• There are inactivated and MLV

• If cat survives natural infection, it will have

antibodies for life

• Isolation

core vaccine schedule