Human Phys Intro

What is Anatomy?

The knowledge gained from the history of cutting/observing the human body.

What is Physiology?

The study of chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of bodily functions.

What is Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy?

Involves structures that can be seen without using an microscope.

What is Metabolism?

A bodily chemical reaction that includes anabolism (small molecules to big ones) and catabolism (big molecules to small ones).

What is Growth?

Process of increasing in size.

What is Responsiveness?

The ability to sense and react to stimuli/change.

What is Movement?

A way an organism can respond to stimuli.

What is Reproduction?

The process of generating additional organisms to breed an organism’s species.

Put the following levels of organization in order from smallest to largest: Organ system, cell, tissue, atom, organ

Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System.

What is the Integumentary System?

The skin; holds everything together.

What is the Skeletal System?

Provides the framework for the body to have posture and movement.

What is the Muscular System?

The bodily-tissue system that allows for the movement of the body and body parts.

What is the Nervous System?

Responsible for internal/external sensation, contraction of muscles, and excretion from endocrine and exocrine glands.

What is the Endocrine System?

Body-regulatory system that diffuses hormones through the bloodstream and bind to bodily receptors to cause change.

What is the Cardiovascular System?

System of the body that pumps blood with nutrients to body tissues.

What is the Respiratory System?

Works to deliver oxygen into the body while also exhaling bodily byproducts (carbon dioxide).

What is the Digestive System?

Works to break down food for its nutrients/small molecules that are absorbed for energy (ATP).

What is the Urinary System?

Removes waste and other excess substances from the body by filtering the blood in the body.

What is Reproductive (M/F)

The biological process by which living organisms produce offspring (new individuals) of their own kind.

What does the Axial refer to?

Head, neck, and trunk.

What does the Appendicular refer to?

Appendages.

What does the Cephalic refer to?

Head.

What does the Thoracic Region refer to?

Superior ventral cavity.

What does the Abdominal Region refer to?

Inferior ventral cavity and the superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.

What is Anterior (Ventral)?

The front of something/towards the front.

What is Posterior (Distal)?

The back of something/towards the back.

Which anatomical plane cuts the body into right and left sections?

Sagittal plane; cuts right to left.

Which plane cuts the body into front and back sections?

Frontal plane; cuts front to back.

Which plane cuts the body into top and bottom sections?

Transverse plane; cuts top to bottom.

Which plane makes a diagonal/slanted cut through the body?

Oblique plane; makes a diagonal cut.

In anatomical position, a person stands upright with their arms at their sides and their palms facing what direction?

Forward (anteriorly).

The nose is ________ to the ears.

Medial.

The ears are ________ to the nose.

Lateral.

The head is ________ to the stomach.

Superior.

The stomach is ________ to the heart.

Inferior.

The skin is ________ to the muscles.

Superficial.

The muscles are ________ to the skin.

Deep.

The chest is ________ to the back.

Anterior.

The back is ________ to the chest.

Dorsal.

What does the Cranial Cavity contain?

The brain.

What does the Thoracic (chest) Cavity contain?

Houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea.

What does the Pericardial Cavity contain?

Encases the heart.

What does the Abdominopelvic Cavity contain?

Houses abdominal and pelvic viscera (major organs).

What does the Abdominal Cavity contain?

Houses the digestive organs and bound by the abdominal walls, diaphragm, and pelvis.

What does the Pelvic Cavity contain?

The body cavity bound by the pelvis and pelvic girdle, housing the reproductive organs.

What is the Serous Membrane?

The membrane on the surface of any organs that allows organs to stretch or change in shape.

What is the Serious Fluid?

A lubricating fluid produced by and between folds of serous membrane.

What are the 4 Abdominalpelvic Quadrants?

RUQ (right upper quadrant), RLQ (right lower quadrant), LUQ (left upper quadrant), and LLQ (left lower quadrant).

If you are looking at a person facing you, which side of the body does their Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) appear on?

Your left side.

Identify the region labeled A

Right hypochondriac region.

Identify the region labeled B.

Epigastric region.

Identify the region labeled C.

Left hypochondriac region.

Identify the region labeled D.

Right lumbar region.

Identify the region labeled E.

Umbilical region.

Identify the region labeled F.

Left lumbar region.

Identify the region labeled G.

Right iliac region.

Identify the region labeled H.

Hypogastric region.

Identify the region labeled I.

Left iliac region.

What is Homeostasis?

A steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain.

What are Sensors?

Receptors that report a monitored physiological value to the control center

What is the Control Center?

Compares values to their normal ranges; deviations cause the activation of an effector.

What is an Effector?

Organ that causes change.

What are Negative Feedback loops?

Ahomeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an abnormal/upset value in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus (ex. a fever making you sweat to cool you off)

What are Positive Feedback loops?

A mechanism that intenisfies/accelerates a change in the body's physiological condition in response to stimuli (ex. giving birth)