microbio unit 15I: microbial diseases of the nervous + cardiovascular systems

II: microbial diseases of the cardiovascular system (BLACK DEATH, LYME DISEASE, TYPHUS)

the plague is also known as..

black death

what is the mode of entry for the plague/black death?

rats carry yersinia pestis → fleas bite rat and jump from rats to humans → bite → infect humans with yersinia pestis

prairie dogs + squirrels infected with yersinia pestis → rodent flea bites prairie dog or squirrel, then human → infects humans with yersinia pestis

human sneezes or coughs → transfers yersinia pestis to another person

what are the reservoirs for yersinia pestis?

rat fleas

prairie dogs + squirrel fleas

humans infected with the microbe

what microbe causes the plague/black death?

yersinia pestis

what are the 3 types of black death?

1) bubonic

2) septicemic

3) penumonic

bubonic plague is the most common, causing _____

buboes → abscesses of lymph nodes

buboes are abscesses of the _____ ______

lymph nodes

bubonic plague, if left untreated, has what % mortality rate?

50%-75%

septicemic plague is _________

communicable

what is the mortality rate of septicemic plague?

90%

pneumonic plague is _________

communicable

what is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?

100%

what are the symptoms of plague/black death?

dark blue + black areas of skin from hemorrhaging

is there a vaccine for the plague/black death?

yes

what is the treatment for the plague/black death?

streptomycin

tetracycline

what is the most common tick borne disease in the U.S.?

lyme disease

lyme disease is caused by what microbe?

borrelia burgdorferi

borrelia __________ causes lyme disease

borrelia burgdorferi

borrelia burgdorferi is a _________

spirochete

what are the animal reserviors of borrelia burgdorferi?

field mice + deer

what is the biological arthropod vector of lyme disease?

deer tick

what happens in the 1st stage of lyme disease?

75% chance of developing a bull’s eye rash in 2 weeks of being bit by a deer tick

flu-like symptoms after rash

what is the chance of developing a bull’s eye rash after 2 weeks of being bitten by a deer tick?

75%

what stage of lyme disease?

bull’s eye rash + flu like symptoms

1st

what happens in the 2nd stage of lyme disease?

heart irregularities

neurological impairment

facial paralysis

meningitis

encephalitis

what stage of lyme disease?

heart irregularities, neurological impairment, facial paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis

2nd

what happens in the 3rd stage of lyme disease?

arthritis as early as several months and up to a year after bite

requires large doses of antibiotics

resembles later stages of syphilis

how does the 3rd stage of lyme disease resemble later stages of syphilis?

both involve long-term inflammation and tissue damage

patients will experience neurological decline, joint pain, and cardiac complications with both diseases

what stage of lyme disease?

arthritis, requires large doses of antibiotics, symptoms involve long-term inflammation + tissue damage as well as neurological decline and cardiac complications

3rd

how is lyme disease diagnosed?

serological antibody tests

*many false positive and negatives

what is the treatment for lyme disease?

tetracycline

doxycycline

typhus is caused by what microbe?

rickettsia sp.

rickettsia sp. causes what disease?

typhus

rickettsia is an obligate _________ ________

obligate intracellular parasite

rickettsia sp. is transmitted by what biological arthropod vectors?

louse

fleas

ticks

mites

what happens as a result of being infected with typhus?

inflammation causes blockage of small blood vessels + rupture of blood vessels

what are the symptoms of typhus?

rash

high fever

stupod

severe headache

rash, high fever, stupor, and _____ _______ are symptoms of typhus

rash, high fever, stupor, and severe headache

what is the treatment for typhus?

tetracycline

chloramphenicol

what are the types of typhus?

epidemic typhus

rocky mountain spotted fever

epidemic typhus is transmitted by ____

lice

epidemic typhus is known as the disease of what?

war, filth, famine, poverty

is there a vaccine for typhus?

yes

what does typhus lead to if untreated?

death

in epidemic typhus, where is rickettsia sp. found?

found in louse feces → rubbed into wound when the bitten host scratches the bite

in epidemic typhus, rickettsia sp. is found in _____ feces, then they are rubbed into the wound when the bitten host ______ the bite

louse feces

scratches

what is the biological arthropod vector of rocky mountain spotted fever?

wood + dog tick

how are measles and rocky mountain spotted fever similar + different?

both involve a rash that looks similar to one another

→ however, rocky mountain spotted fever has a rash that appears on the palms + soles

what are the symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever?

fever

severe headache

rash appears on palms and soles