joint movements

flexion

reduces angle - ex. bicep curl

extension

increases angle - ex. leg extension

abduction

movement away from the body - ex. jumping jacks

adduction

movement toward the body - ex. jumping jacks

circumduction

circular movement - ex. arm circles

lateral rotation

turn away from the midline - ex. neck twist

medial rotation

turn towards midline

pronation

facing down - ex. opening a jar

supination

facing upward - ex. holding a bowl

prone

lying face down

supine

lying face up

inversion

sole is turned inward - ex. ankle rolled inward

eversion (uncommon)

sole is turned outward - ex. ankle rolled outward

dorsiflexion

foot moves superior - ex. toes pointing up

plantarflexion

foot moves inferior - ex. toes pointing down

protraction

anterior displacement

retraction

posterior displacement

elevation

lifting superiorly - ex. lifting shoulders

depression

movement of the body inferiorly