Genetics and Bacteria

Gametes include..?

Sperm and Egg cells

Somatic Cells are..?

All cells except gametes

How many pairs of chromosomes are in somatic cells?

23

Diploid Variable

2n

The union of gametes creates what?

Zygote

What happens in Prophase 1?

chromosomes match to become homologous, and crossing over

Crossing over

Genetic exchange between 2 chromosomes

Why is crossing over important?

allows for genetic recombination and increased genetic diversity

Chiasmata

the “cross road” that forms to exchange genes

Independent Assortment

Nondisjunction

failure to separate homolog chromosomes

Different types of mutations

Substitution, Insertion, Deletion

Mendelian Genetics

Dominant traits mask recessive traits

Incomplete Dominance

A phenotypic combination created that mixes both phenotypes together

Codominance

phenotype with both traits

Dihybrid

2 traits at the same time; 4 alleles per parent

Meiosis goes from..?

Diploid to Haploid

sex linked traits

more common in males as males only have one X chromosome

Polygenic Traits

many genes

Continuous Variation

a wide range a variation with different degrees

Continuous variation as a graph would show up as a…

Bell curve; there are no extremes

Epistasis

One gene controls expression of another

Example of Epistatis

Albinism gene overriding pigment gene

Possible shape of Bacteria

Sphere, Rod, Spiral

Antibiotic resistance

has R plasmid