abeka 11 chemistry test 7

Polymers of silicon, oxygen, and carbon are called __________.

silicones

Mineral compounds containing metals and silicon

silicates

Milk of magnesia, a suspension of ________, is used as a stomach antacid and laxative.

magnesium hydroxide

Epsom salts, the hydrate of ________, is used in hot baths to reduce swelling.

magnesium sulfate

An expensive metal widely used in automotive catalytic converters, spark plugs, and surgical tools.

platinum

the nonmetal that exists in rhombic, monoclinic, and plastic forms depending on the temperature

sulfur

a lightweight metal extracted from bauxite and widely used in aircraft, spacecraft, and beverage cans.

aluminum

Most of the element _________ produced annually is used for acid production.

sulfur

Steel is an alloy of iron and a small percentage of _______.

carbon

Gold and silver are typically extracted from low

cyanide process

Laughing gas, a compound used as an anesthetic in minor dental surgery, is _________.

nitrous oxide

The element ________ is typically extracted from petroleum and natural gas using the Claus process.

sulfur

Brass and bronze are both alloys of _________.

copper

The process by which certain microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants is __________.

nitrogen fixation

The blast furnace is used to extract ________ from its ore.

iron

The hormone thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, contains __________.

iodine

Deposits inside boilers, hot water heaters, and teapots are often due to _________.

CaSO₃

Most helium is extracted from _________.

natural gas

What group of elements are found in nature only as free, uncombined elements?

noble gases

What is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust?

aluminum

Which class of nonmetals is the most reactive?

halogens

What compound used in fertilizer manufacturing is produced by the Haber process?

ammonia

What alkaline earth metal is an essential component of bone and teeth?

calcium

includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine

halogens

includes platinum, silver, and gold

precious metals

includes boron, silicon, and germanium

semimetals

includes helium, argon, krypton, and xenon

noble gases

includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, and barium

alkaline earth metals

group metals,includes palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium

platinum

includes lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium

alkali metals

Hematite is the most common ore of the element _______.

iron

Borax is one of the most common compounds of the element ________.

boron

The Hall-Heroult process is used to produce ________.

aluminum

Two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state are called ________.

allotropes

Lye and caustic soda are common names for _________.

sodium hydroxide

Water containing high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron (II) ions is called _________.

hard water

Malachite, cuprite, and chalcopyrite are ores of _______.

copper

Ozone is an allotrope of the element ________.

oxygen

What naturally produced noble gas can diffuse into home basements and is associated with an increased risk of cancer?

radon

What is the most reactive of all elements?

fluorine

What element is produced industrially by steam reforming of natural gas?

hydrogen

What semiconductor is most commonly used to make computer chips?

silicon

This is why sulfuric acid can be used to measure the health of the United States' economy.

Sulfuric acid is used extensively in industry.

This element in NOT an important nutrient contained in commercial fertilizers.

oxygen

What compound is used as a contrast agent for x-rays of the gastrointestinal tract?

barium sulfate

What dense metal is used in car batteries, weights, radiation shielding, and small

lead

This is NOT a method of hardening steel.

annealing

What is the cheapest and most widely used metal?

iron

What metal is used to make the windows in x-ray tubes?

beryllium

What is the primary component of window glass?

silicates

This physical property is NOT a characteristic of metals.

poor electrical conductivity

What very dense metal is used in industrial counterweights, high-density armor, and nuclear fuels?

uranium

What is the most malleable and ductile metal known?

gold

Which nonmetal does NOT have multiple allotropes at room temperature?

hydrogen

This is NOT an ion of oxygen.

ozone ion (O₃⁻)

What element exists as an unstable white allotrope and a more stable red allotrope?

phosphorus

An alloy of mercury with another metal is called an _____.

amalgam

the form of iron produced by direct iron reduction

sponge iron

The active ingredient in bleach is the _______ anion.

hypochlorite

Salts of phosphoric acid are called ________.

phosphates

The science of extracting metals from their naturally occurring materials and preparing them for use is called ________.

metallurgy

The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds is known as ________.

hydrogenation

the process occurring in plants that continually replenishes oxygen in the atmosphere

photosynthesis

the second most abundant element in the earth's crust

silicon

used in refrigerants and as an anticavity dental treatment

fluorine

used in bleaches, PVC plastic, medicines, pesticides, and water treatment

chlorine

used in deep-sea diving mixtures and as a nonflammable lifting gas in airships and high-altitude balloons

helium

used in ammonia, artificial fertilizers, and explosive compounds

nitrogen

the most abundant element in the universe

hydrogen

isotopes are protium, deuterium, and tritium

hydrogen

Pure oxygen is blown against molten pig iron and scape iron and steel, oxidizing impurities and causing them to form slag. The reactions are so exothermic that no external heat source is required.

Basic oxygen process

An electric arc between giant carbon electrodes provides heat to melt the metal.

Electric arc process

Be able to briefly describe the two processes commonly used to refine steel. Determine which of these processes would be more useful in a country where electricity is expensive; support your conclusion based on the descriptions you have given.

The basic oxygen process would be more useful in a country where electricity is expensive, because the eleectric-arc process requires large amounts of electricity.