1.6 Develop a scientific question, a scientific explanation, and use evidence and data to make an argument.

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1
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What scientific question did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment aim to answer?

How is positive charge distributed within an atom?

2
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What did Rutherford’s experiment reveal about atomic structure?

It showed that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

3
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What were the key observations from Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?

  • Most alpha particles passed through the foil

  • A few deflected at larger angles

  • Some bounced straight back

4
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How did Rutherford’s results disprove Thomson’s plum pudding model?

  • If positive charge were spread evenly, alpha particles would pass through with little deflection.

  • Large deflections showed the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus.