Unit 16: Salts and Neutralisation

Flashcards covering salts, neutralisation, and their practical applications, based on lecture notes.

Neutralisation

The combination of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions (or oxide ions) to form water molecules.

Neutralisation reaction products

Salt and water are the only products.

Hydrochloric acid forms

Chlorides.

Nitric acid forms

Nitrates.

Sulphuric acid forms

Sulphates.

Salts preparation: Soluble salts

Acid + metal; or acid + insoluble base; or acid + insoluble carbonate

Salts preparation: Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts

Acid + alkali; or acid + carbonate (titration)

Salts preparation: Insoluble salts

Precipitation

Neutralisation use in soil

The acidity of soil can be reduced by adding calcium oxide to it.

Neutralisation use in liquid waste

The acidity of liquid waste from factories can be reduced by adding slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to it.

Neutralisation use in fertilizers

Fertilisers such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate are prepared by neutralisation reactions.

Neutralisation use in antacids

Antacids contain bases, such as aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, that neutralise excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach.